{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T12:40:51Z","timestamp":1774528851193,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,1]],"date-time":"2006-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1164931200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foot Ankle Int."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p> The purpose of this study was to evaluate the operative procedures used for treatment of severe hallux valgus by academic foot and ankle surgeons practicing in the United States. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p> A patient with severe hallux valgus deformity was developed as a hypothetical case: a 50-year-old woman with a severe deformity (intermetatarsal angle = 20 degrees; hallux valgus angle = 42 degrees). The patient was symptomatic with pain, did not improve with conservative measures, and wanted the deformity corrected. This case was sent to academic foot and ankle surgeons in a survey to determine their preferred operative treatment for this case. The overall response rate was 84% (128 of 153). To be included in the study group each surgeon had to have 1) foot and ankle patients comprising 50% or more of his clinical practice and 2) direct responsibility for teaching orthopaedic residents. One hundred and five respondents met the inclusion criteria and formed the study group; however, three surveys with invalid responses were deleted. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Fifty-two percent (54 of 102) of the respondents chose a metatarsal osteotomy, 26% (26 of 102) a first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint arthrodesis, and 24% (24 of 102) a Lapidus procedure. Two respondents chose both an arthrodesis and a metatarsal osteotomy. Among the 54 respondents who chose metatarsal osteotomies, 24 used a Ludloff, 16 a proximal crescentic, eight a proximal chevron, two a scarf, two a distal chevron, and two other. In addition, secondary procedures to enhance the correction included a Weil osteotomy in 46% (47 of 102) and an Akin osteotomy in 30% (31 of 102). <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p> There was a wide variation in the type of procedure used to correct this severe hallux valgus deformity; approximately 50% of the respondents chose a metatarsal osteotomy, 25% chose a first MTP joint arthrodesis, and 25% a Lapidus procedure. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070602701205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,14]],"date-time":"2017-01-14T00:55:34Z","timestamp":1484355334000},"page":"1024-1029","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Surgical Treatment of Severe Hallux Valgus: The State of Practice among Academic Foot and Ankle Surgeons"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Pinney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford, CA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyle R.","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford, CA"},{"name":"Orthopedic Surgery, University of California Davis,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Loretta B.","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford, CA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-107110070602701205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199305001-00006"},{"key":"bibr2-107110070602701205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070402500804"},{"key":"bibr3-107110070602701205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070402500803"},{"key":"bibr4-107110070602701205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070102200503"},{"key":"bibr5-107110070602701205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070502601001"},{"key":"bibr6-107110070602701205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070202300114"},{"key":"bibr7-107110070602701205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070102201208"},{"key":"bibr8-107110070602701205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079601700304"},{"key":"bibr9-107110070602701205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.D.02944"},{"key":"bibr10-107110070602701205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197105000-00024"},{"key":"bibr11-107110070602701205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070302400909"},{"key":"bibr12-107110070602701205","first-page":"696","volume":"95","author":"Keller WL","year":"1912","journal-title":"N.Y. 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