{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:28:43Z","timestamp":1777613323831,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,14]],"date-time":"2013-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1358121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foot Ankle Int."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cost and benefit of routinely submitting hammertoe specimens for histopathological examination. We hypothesized that such examination rarely shows a new diagnosis and seldom alters postoperative care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three hundred and fourteen proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint and 37 extensor tendon specimens from 187 consecutive hammertoe correction surgeries were submitted by 2 surgeons for histopathological examination between January 2009 and December 2011. Each patient\u2019s chart was reviewed to determine whether the histopathological examination revealed a diagnosis other than degenerative joint or degenerative tendon and whether subsequent patient management was altered. The total reimbursements for professional charges were calculated using the average reimbursement from common insurance providers for two Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes: 88304 (soft tissue examination) and 88311 (decalcification).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Almost all of the specimens were diagnosed as degenerative: 97.5% (307\/314) of the PIP specimens and all (37\/37) of the tendon specimens. Seven PIP specimens (2.2%, 7\/314) from 5 patients (2.7%, 5\/187) and no tendon specimens had other diagnoses. These diagnoses were rheumatoid arthritis (5\/314, 1.6%), osteomyelitis (1\/314, 0.3%), and pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) (1\/314, 0.3%). Only the PVNS was a new diagnosis. A total of $56,750 was spent to determine 1 new diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The routine submission of hammertoe specimens for pathological evaluation was not cost-efficient. Our analysis showed that new diagnoses were rarely found and patient management was not affected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level IV, retrospective case series.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100712467781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,14]],"date-time":"2013-01-14T23:55:11Z","timestamp":1358207711000},"page":"530-533","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Costs and Benefits of Routine Histopathological Examination of Hammertoe Specimens"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Andrew B.","family":"Malzberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ettore","family":"Vulcano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin J.","family":"O\u2019Malley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan T.","family":"Deland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott J.","family":"Ellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1071100712467781","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199803000-00001"},{"key":"bibr2-1071100712467781","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070302401002"},{"key":"bibr3-1071100712467781","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2011.08.010"},{"key":"bibr4-1071100712467781","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2010.03.021"},{"key":"bibr5-1071100712467781","volume-title":"Comprehensive Accreditation Manual for Pathology and Laboratory Services","author":"Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr6-1071100712467781","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200011000-00002"},{"key":"bibr7-1071100712467781","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199907000-00004"},{"key":"bibr8-1071100712467781","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-011-2149-7"},{"key":"bibr9-1071100712467781","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2009.0763"},{"key":"bibr10-1071100712467781","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1067-2516(99)80032-5"},{"key":"bibr11-1071100712467781","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-201108000-00006"},{"key":"bibr12-1071100712467781","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSA.0b013e3181a5cd26"}],"container-title":["Foot &amp; Ankle International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1071100712467781","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1071100712467781","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1071100712467781","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T21:25:48Z","timestamp":1777411548000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1071100712467781"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,14]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1071100712467781"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1071100712467781","relation":{},"ISSN":["1071-1007","1944-7876"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1071-1007","type":"print"},{"value":"1944-7876","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,14]]}}}