{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T10:48:12Z","timestamp":1790419692333,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,11]],"date-time":"2014-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1410393600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foot Ankle Int."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Foot pain and diminished functional capacity are characteristics of tibialis posterior tendon dysfunction (TPTD). This study tested the hypotheses that women with TPTD would have impaired performance of a unipedal standing balance test (USBT) and that balance performance would be related to the number of single limb heel raises (SLHR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-nine middle-aged women, 19 with early stage TPTD (stage I and II), were instructed to perform 2 tasks; a USBT and repeated SLHR. Balance success was defined as a 10-second stance. For those who were successful, center of pressure (COP) data in anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) directions were recorded as a measure of postural sway. SLHR performance was divided into 3 bins (\u22642; 3-9 and &gt; 10 repetitions). The between-balance success on performing the SLHR test was analyzed using the Fisher\u2019s exact test (2 \u00d7 3). Independent t tests were used to compare between-group differences in postural sway. Relationship of postural sway to the number of heel raises was assessed using Spearman\u2019s rho.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The success rate of the USBT was significantly lower in women with TPTD than the controls (47% vs 85%, P = .041). In addition, women with TPTD who completed the USBT exhibited increased AP COP displacement (14.0 \u00b1 7.4 vs 8.4 \u00b1 1.3 mm, P = .008), and a strong trend of increased ML COP displacement (8.3 \u00b1 4.5 vs 6.1 \u00b1 1.2 mm, P = .050). The success rate of USBT was correlated with the number of SLHR ( P = .01). The AP and ML COP displacement were correlated with SLHR ( r = \u2212.538 and .495), respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women with TPTD have difficulty in performing the USBT. Performance of the USBT and SLHR are highly correlated and predictive of each other.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A unipedal balance test may be used as a proxy TPTD assessment tool to the heel raising test when pain prevents performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level III, case control study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100714551020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,12]],"date-time":"2014-09-12T03:02:12Z","timestamp":1410490932000},"page":"83-89","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Effect of Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction on Unipedal Standing Balance Test"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Kornelia","family":"Kulig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biokinesiology & Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Szu-Ping","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen F.","family":"Reischl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biokinesiology & Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Noceti-DeWit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biokinesiology & Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1071100714551020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2012.01.002"},{"key":"bibr2-1071100714551020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/ptc.41.6.304"},{"key":"bibr3-1071100714551020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.05.025"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr4-1071100714551020","first-page":"198","volume":"22","author":"Fredenburg M","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Foot 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