{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T16:42:26Z","timestamp":1789663346858,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,7]],"date-time":"2014-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1415318400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foot Ankle Int."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Numerous suturing techniques have been described to treat Achilles tendon ruptures. No prior studies have evaluated frayed tendon ends on construct strength and whether this allows for less extensile exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty bovine Achilles tendons were divided into groups: 1 control and 4 experimental. Experimental groups were sectioned with ends frayed longitudinally in 2 mm intervals for 2 cm with no fraying for the control group. Four-stand Krackow sutures were used for repairs with 3 loops in the control group, 2 loops in frayed section for experimental groups, and varying numbers of loops (1-4) in healthy tendon. Samples were tested in loading cells at 100 N and 190 N for 1000 cycles. Gap width and maximum load failure were measured.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gapping was &lt;5 mm in controls at 100 N-190 N, significantly lower than experimentals. Greatest gapping occurred in groups with 1-2 loops in healthy tendon (10.9-13.9 mm). Most early catastrophic failures (5\/8) occurred in groups with 1-2 loops in healthy tendon. Two failures at 100 N occurred in 1-loop healthy tendons. The least failures occurred in controls (2\/8), at 190 N.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Suture loops incorporated into frayed tendon portions predisposed repairs to significantly greater gapping and lower maximal failure forces than 4-strand Krackow repairs in unfrayed tendons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We cannot recommend attempting more limited exposures with sutures in frayed tendon as this may lead to early repair failure. We provided a physiologic model utilizing frayed tendon ends that resembles in vivo Achilles tendon rupture.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100714559270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,7]],"date-time":"2014-11-07T23:08:30Z","timestamp":1415401710000},"page":"444-449","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Biomechanical Evaluation of Varying the Number of Loops in a Repair of a Physiological Model of Achilles Tendon Rupture"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Preston W.","family":"Grieco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center\/University Hospital Brooklyn, Brooklyn, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David B.","family":"Frumberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center\/University Hospital Brooklyn, Brooklyn, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxwell","family":"Weinberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center\/University Hospital Brooklyn, Brooklyn, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Pivec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center\/University Hospital Brooklyn, Brooklyn, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qais","family":"Naziri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center\/University Hospital Brooklyn, Brooklyn, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaime A.","family":"Uribe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center\/University Hospital Brooklyn, Brooklyn, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1071100714559270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.35.5.329"},{"key":"bibr2-1071100714559270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chan AP, Chan YY, Fong DT, Clinical and biomechanical outcome of minimal invasive and open repair of the Achilles tendon. Sports Medicine Arthrosc Rehabil Ther Technol. 2011;3:32. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1186\/1758-2555-3-32.","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-2555-3-32"},{"key":"bibr3-1071100714559270","first-page":"2466","volume":"92","author":"Chiodo CP","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"bibr4-1071100714559270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200001000-00004"},{"key":"bibr5-1071100714559270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197503000-00025"},{"key":"bibr6-1071100714559270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078500600107"},{"key":"bibr7-1071100714559270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070002100103"},{"key":"bibr8-1071100714559270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jarvinen TA, Kannus P, Maffulli N, Khan KM. Achilles tendon disorders: etiology and epidemiology. 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Sports Med Arthrosc. 2009;17:127-138. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1097\/JSA.0b013e3181a3d76700132585-200906000-00008[pii].","DOI":"10.1097\/JSA.0b013e3181a3d767"},{"key":"bibr16-1071100714559270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199907000-00017"},{"key":"bibr17-1071100714559270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McKeon BP, Heming JF, Fulkerson J, Langeland R. The Krackow stitch: a biomechanical evaluation of changing the number of loops versus the number of sutures. 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