{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T17:52:47Z","timestamp":1787939567751,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,31]],"date-time":"2015-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foot Ankle Int."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to define reference lines on standard lateral ankle radiographs that could be used intraoperatively to minimize iatrogenic nerve injury risk in medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty cadaveric specimens were used. In 20 specimens, the sural, medial plantar (MP), and lateral plantar (LP) nerves were sutured to radiopaque wire, and a lateral ankle radiograph was obtained. On the radiograph, a line was drawn from the posterior superior apex of the calcaneal tuberosity to the origin of the plantar fascia and labeled as the \u201clandmark line.\u201d A parallel line was drawn 2 mm posterior to the most posterior nerve, and the area between these lines was defined as the safe zone. In 20 additional specimens, an osteotomy was performed 1 cm anterior to the landmark line using a percutaneous or open technique. Dissection was performed to assess for laceration of the sural, MP, LP, medial calcaneal (MC), or lateral calcaneal (LC) nerves.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The safe zone was determined to be within the area 11.2 \u00b1 2.7 mm anterior to the landmark line. After open osteotomy, lacerations were found in 3 of 10 MC nerves and 3 of 10 LC nerves. After percutaneous osteotomy, lacerations were found in 2 of 10 MC nerves and 1 of 10 LC nerves. No lacerations of the sural, MP, or LP nerves were found with either osteotomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The safe zone extended 11.2 \u00b1 2.7 mm anterior to the described landmark line. The MC and LC nerves were always at risk during medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nerve injury to both major and minor sensory nerves is likely underrecognized as a source of morbidity after calcaneal osteotomy. The current study provides a ready intraoperative guideline for minimizing this risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100715595696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,31]],"date-time":"2015-07-31T22:29:10Z","timestamp":1438381750000},"page":"1493-1498","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Safe Zone for Neural Structures in Medial Displacement Calcaneal Osteotomy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Paul G.","family":"Talusan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ezequiel","family":"Cata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric W.","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brent G.","family":"Parks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory P.","family":"Guyton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1071100715595696","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100712473742"},{"key":"bibr2-1071100715595696","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100713519599"},{"key":"bibr3-1071100715595696","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200409001-00006"},{"key":"bibr4-1071100715595696","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079501600105"},{"key":"bibr5-1071100715595696","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2011.07.006"},{"key":"bibr6-1071100715595696","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070102200706"},{"key":"bibr7-1071100715595696","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070102200802"},{"key":"bibr8-1071100715595696","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078800900304"},{"key":"bibr9-1071100715595696","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100714557154"},{"key":"bibr10-1071100715595696","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.53B1.96"},{"key":"bibr11-1071100715595696","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079401500906"},{"key":"bibr12-1071100715595696","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079501601108"},{"key":"bibr13-1071100715595696","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070102200406"},{"key":"bibr14-1071100715595696","first-page":"356","volume-title":"Anatomy of the Foot and Ankle: Descriptive, Topographic, Functional","volume":"1993","author":"Sarrafian SK","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr15-1071100715595696","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-013-2071-6"},{"key":"bibr16-1071100715595696","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2008.1179"},{"key":"bibr17-1071100715595696","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.84B1.0840054"}],"container-title":["Foot &amp; Ankle International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1071100715595696","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1071100715595696","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1071100715595696","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T21:24:49Z","timestamp":1777411489000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1071100715595696"}},"subtitle":["A Cadaveric and Radiographic Investigation"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,31]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1071100715595696"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1071100715595696","relation":{},"ISSN":["1071-1007","1944-7876"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1071-1007","type":"print"},{"value":"1944-7876","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,31]]}}}