{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T10:07:09Z","timestamp":1791281229158,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,20]],"date-time":"2015-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1447977600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foot Ankle Int."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"DOI":"10.1177\/1071100715619606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,21]],"date-time":"2015-11-21T20:07:35Z","timestamp":1448136455000},"page":"233-239","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Acute Achilles Tendon Ruptures"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Christopher E.","family":"Gross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"II","given":"James A.","family":"Nunley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000128288.36202.e4"},{"key":"bibr2-1071100715619606","first-page":"1","volume":"116","author":"Arner O","year":"1959","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand Suppl"},{"key":"bibr3-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2004.00344.x"},{"key":"bibr4-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benjamin M, Moriggl B, Brenner E, The \u201centhesis organ\u201d concept: why enthesopathies may not present as focal insertional disorders. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50:3306-3313. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/art.20566.","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20566"},{"key":"bibr5-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.47.11.910"},{"key":"bibr6-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199301000-00032","volume":"286","author":"Cetti R","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"bibr7-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659302100606"},{"key":"bibr8-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen TM, Rozen WM, Pan WR, The arterial anatomy of the Achilles tendon: anatomical study and clinical implications. Clin Anat. 2009;22:377-385. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/ca.20758.","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.20758"},{"key":"bibr9-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-201008000-00007"},{"key":"bibr10-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen JC. Anatomy and biomechanical aspects of the gastrocsoleus complex. Foot Ankle Clin. 2009;14:617-626. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fcl.2009.08.006.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2009.08.006"},{"key":"bibr11-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200629100-00006"},{"key":"bibr12-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garras DN, Raikin SM, Bhat SB, Taweel N, Karanjia H. MRI is unnecessary for diagnosing acute Achilles tendon ruptures: clinical diagnostic criteria. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2012;470:2268-2273. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/s11999-012-2355-y.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-012-2355-y"},{"key":"bibr13-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197052020-00015"},{"key":"bibr14-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gwynne-Jones DP, Sims M, Handcock D. Epidemiology and outcomes of acute Achilles tendon rupture with operative or nonoperative treatment using an identical functional bracing protocol. Foot Ankle Int. 2011;32(4):337-343. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3113\/FAI.2011.0337.","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2011.0337"},{"key":"bibr15-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heckman DS, Gluck GS, Parekh SG. Tendon disorders of the foot and ankle, part 2: achilles tendon disorders. Am J Sports Med. 2009;37:1223-1234. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546509335947.","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509335947"},{"key":"bibr16-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heyes GJ, Tucker A, Michael AL, Wallace RG. The incidence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism following cast immobilisation and early functional bracing of Tendo Achilles rupture without thromboprophylaxis. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2015;41:273-276. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/s00068-014-0408-5.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-014-0408-5"},{"key":"bibr17-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(98)00147-8"},{"key":"bibr18-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hsu AR, Jones CP, Cohen BE, et al, Clinical outcomes and complications of percutaneous Achilles repair system versus open technique for acute Achilles tendon ruptures. Foot Ankle Int. 2015;36(11):1279-1286. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1177\/1071100715589632.","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100715589632"},{"key":"bibr19-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)91451-7"},{"key":"bibr20-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198105000-00021","volume":"156","author":"Inglis AE","year":"1981","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"bibr21-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang N, Wang B, Chen A, Dong F, Yu B. Operative versus nonoperative treatment for acute Achilles tendon rupture: a meta-analysis based on current evidence. Int Orthop. 2012;36:765-773. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-011-1431-3.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-011-1431-3"},{"key":"bibr22-1071100715619606","volume-title":"Structure and Function as Seen in the Foot","author":"Jones FW","year":"1944"},{"key":"bibr23-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones MP, Khan RJ, Carey Smith RL. Surgical interventions for treating acute achilles tendon rupture: key findings from a recent cochrane review. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2012;94:e88. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.J.01829.","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.01829"},{"key":"bibr24-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070302401007"},{"key":"bibr25-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199173100-00009"},{"key":"bibr26-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465020300060501"},{"key":"bibr27-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(90)90038-5"},{"key":"bibr28-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jsm.0000165347.55638.23"},{"key":"bibr29-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lantto I, Heikkinen J, Flinkkila T, Ohtonen P, Leppilahti J. Epidemiology of Achilles tendon ruptures: increasing incidence over a 33-year period. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2015;25:e133-e138. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1111\/sms.12253.","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12253"},{"key":"bibr30-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197254070-00002"},{"key":"bibr31-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679608994688"},{"key":"bibr32-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070102200705"},{"key":"bibr33-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lohrer H, Arentz S, Nauck T, Dorn-Lange NV, Konerding MA. The Achilles tendon insertion is crescent-shaped: an in vitro anatomic investigation. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2008;466:2230-2237. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/s11999-008-0298-0.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-008-0298-0"},{"key":"bibr34-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465980260021801"},{"key":"bibr35-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maffulli N, Dymond NP, Regine R. Surgical repair of ruptured Achilles tendon in sportsmen and sedentary patients: a longitudinal ultrasound assessment. Int J Sports Med. 1990;11:78-84. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2007-1024767.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1024767"},{"key":"bibr36-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maffulli N, Longo UG, Maffulli GD, Khanna A, Denaro V. Achilles tendon ruptures in elite athletes. Foot Ankle Int. 2011;32(1):9-15. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3113\/FAI.2011.0009.","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2011.0009"},{"key":"bibr37-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-199907000-00007"},{"key":"bibr38-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.26.1.7"},{"key":"bibr39-1071100715619606","first-page":"670","volume":"29","author":"Majewski M","year":"2000","journal-title":"Der Orthopade"},{"key":"bibr40-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Makhdom AM, Cota A, Saran N, Chaytor R. Incidence of symptomatic deep venous thrombosis after Achilles tendon rupture. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2013;52:584-587. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jfas.2013.03.001.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2013.03.001"},{"key":"bibr41-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Makhdom AM, Garceau S, Dimentberg R. Fatal pulmonary embolism following Achilles tendon repair: a case report and a review of the literature. Case Rep Orthop. 2013;2013:401968. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/401968.","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/401968"},{"key":"bibr42-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3113\/JSOA.2014.0179","volume":"23","author":"McCullough KA","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Surg Orthop Adv"},{"key":"bibr43-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Metz R, Verleisdonk EJ, van der Heijden GJ, et al, Acute Achilles tendon rupture: minimally invasive surgery versus nonoperative treatment with immediate full weightbearing\u2014a randomized controlled trial. Am J Sports Med. 2008;36:1688-1694. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546508319312.","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508319312"},{"key":"bibr44-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679608996672"},{"key":"bibr45-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0838.2002.120103.x"},{"key":"bibr46-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/230949900601400207"},{"key":"bibr47-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nilsson-Helander K, Silbernagel KG, Thomee R, Acute achilles tendon rupture: a randomized, controlled study comparing surgical and nonsurgical treatments using validated outcome measures. Am J Sports Med. 2010;38:2186-2193. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546510376052.","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510376052"},{"key":"bibr48-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198163030-00012"},{"key":"bibr49-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/145749690809700312"},{"key":"bibr50-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien M. The anatomy of the Achilles tendon. Foot Ankle Clin. 2005;10:225-238. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.01.011.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.01.011"},{"key":"bibr51-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(20)30505-6"},{"key":"bibr52-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parekh SG, Wray WH3rd, Brimmo O, Sennett BJ, Wapner KL. Epidemiology and outcomes of Achilles tendon ruptures in the National Football League. Foot Ankle Spec. 2009;2:283-286. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1177\/1938640009351138.","DOI":"10.1177\/1938640009351138"},{"key":"bibr53-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Porter MD, Shadbolt B. Randomized controlled trial of accelerated rehabilitation versus standard protocol following surgical repair of ruptured Achilles tendon. ANZ J Surg. 2015;85:373-377. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1111\/ans.12910.","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.12910"},{"key":"bibr54-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raikin SM, Garras DN, Krapchev PV. Achilles tendon injuries in a United States population. Foot Ankle Int. 2013;34(4):475-480. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1177\/1071100713477621.","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100713477621"},{"key":"bibr55-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rufai A, Ralphs JR, Benjamin M. Structure and histopathology of the insertional region of the human Achilles tendon. J Orthop Res. 1995;13:585-593. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/jor.1100130414.","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100130414"},{"key":"bibr56-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.74B2.1544953"},{"key":"bibr57-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465020300022501"},{"key":"bibr58-1071100715619606","first-page":"1228","volume":"12","author":"Schroeder D","year":"1997","journal-title":"Orthop Trans"},{"key":"bibr59-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silbernagel KG, Willy R, Davis I. Preinjury and postinjury running analysis along with measurements of strength and tendon length in a patient with a surgically repaired Achilles tendon rupture. J Orthop Sports Physical Ther. 2012;42:521-529. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2519\/jospt.2012.3913.","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2012.3913"},{"key":"bibr60-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sode J, Obel N, Hallas J, Lassen A. Use of fluroquinolone and risk of Achilles tendon rupture: a population-based cohort study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2007;63:499-503. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/s00228-007-0265-9.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-007-0265-9"},{"key":"bibr61-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soroceanu A, Sidhwa F, Aarabi S, Kaufman A, Glazebrook M. Surgical versus nonsurgical treatment of acute Achilles tendon rupture: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2012;94:2136-2143. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.K.00917.","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.00917"},{"key":"bibr62-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070502601106"},{"key":"bibr63-1071100715619606","first-page":"21","volume":"98","author":"Thermann H","year":"1995","journal-title":"Der Unfallchirurg"},{"key":"bibr64-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Twaddle BC, Poon P. Early motion for Achilles tendon ruptures: is surgery important? A randomized, prospective study. Am J Sports Med. 2007;35:2033-2038. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546507307503.","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546507307503"},{"key":"bibr65-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1964.03070050043017"},{"key":"bibr66-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2004.09.007"},{"key":"bibr67-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vallone G, Vittorio T. Complete Achilles tendon rupture after local infiltration of corticosteroids in the treatment of deep retrocalcaneal bursitis. J Ultrasound. 2014;17:165-167. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/s40477-014-0066-9.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40477-014-0066-9"},{"key":"bibr68-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van der Eng DM, Schepers T, Schep NW, Goslings JC. Rerupture rate after early weightbearing in operative versus conservative treatment of achilles tendon ruptures: a meta-analysis. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2013;52:622-628. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jfas.2013.03.027.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2013.03.027"},{"key":"bibr69-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Venkatachalam S, Wright KU. Fatal pulmonary embolism following conservatively managed tendo achilles rupture\u2014a case report. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2012;3:3-5. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2011.09.005.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2011.09.005"},{"key":"bibr70-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200406000-00011"},{"key":"bibr71-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilkins R, Bisson LJ. Operative versus nonoperative management of acute Achilles tendon ruptures: a quantitative systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Am J Sports Med. 2012;40:2154-2160. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546512453293.","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512453293"},{"key":"bibr72-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Willits K, Amendola A, Bryant D, et al, Operative versus nonoperative treatment of acute Achilles tendon ruptures: a multicenter randomized trial using accelerated functional rehabilitation. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010;92:2767-2775. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.I.01401.","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.01401"},{"key":"bibr73-1071100715619606","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wray WH3rd, Regan C, Patel S, May R, Parekh SG. Positional effects of the knee and ankle on the ends of acute Achilles tendon ruptures. Foot Ankle Spec. 2009;2:214-218. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1177\/1938640009346449.","DOI":"10.1177\/1938640009346449"}],"container-title":["Foot & Ankle International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1071100715619606","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1071100715619606","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1071100715619606","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T21:24:59Z","timestamp":1777411499000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1071100715619606"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,20]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1071100715619606"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1071100715619606","relation":{},"ISSN":["1071-1007","1944-7876"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1071-1007","type":"print"},{"value":"1944-7876","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,20]]}}}