{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T07:24:39Z","timestamp":1784618679358,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]],"date-time":"2016-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459468800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foot Ankle Int."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gastrocnemius shortening causes an equinus deformity that may clinically manifest in foot disorders, including metatarsalgia. We use this term to describe pain localized to the metatarsal heads. The purposes of this prospective study were to review the effect of medial gastrocnemius proximal release on ankle dorsiflexion and assess the outcome of this technique on pain and functional limitations in patients who have mechanical metatarsalgia and isolated gastrocnemius shortening.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We prospectively followed a consecutive series of 78 feet in 52 patients with metatarsalgia who had an isolated gastrocnemius contracture assessed with the Silfverski\u00f6ld test. Surgical release was evaluated with visual analog scale (VAS) and American Orthopaedic Foot &amp; Ankle Society (AOFAS) scales. Ankle dorsiflexion was measured at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preoperative values of VAS and AOFAS were 7.4 and 46.8, respectively. After 3 months postoperatively, the values were 3.0 and 81.7, and 6 months after surgery these values were 3.5 and 83.6. No patient worsened clinically. There were no major complications. Thirty-six patients (69.2%) were completely satisfied with the results of the surgery. Preoperatively, ankle dorsiflexion with the knee straight was \u221217.5 degrees, which improved to 2.5 degrees at 6 months postoperatively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We believe proximal medial gastrocnemius recession is an alternate procedure to treat selected patients with mechanical metatarsalgia and gastrocnemius shortening. It had acceptable morbidity and cosmetic results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level IV, case series.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100716640612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]],"date-time":"2016-04-01T21:44:48Z","timestamp":1459547088000},"page":"782-789","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Proximal Gastrocnemius Release in the Treatment of Mechanical Metatarsalgia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Patricia","family":"Morales-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Foot and Ankle Unit, Orthopaedic Surgery, Infanta Sofia University Hospital, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"De Los Santos Real","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foot and Ankle Unit, Orthopaedic Surgery, Infanta Sofia University Hospital, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Barrio Sanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foot and Ankle Unit, Orthopaedic Surgery, Infanta Sofia University Hospital, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose Luis","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foot and Ankle Unit, Orthopaedic Surgery, Infanta Sofia University Hospital, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Varas Navas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foot and Ankle Unit, Orthopaedic Surgery, Infanta Sofia University Hospital, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Escalera Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foot and Ankle Unit, Orthopaedic Surgery, Infanta Sofia University Hospital, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2012.0014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070602700108"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"151","volume-title":"Med Chir Pied","volume":"22","author":"Barouk LS","year":"2006","unstructured":"Barouk LS, Barouk P, Toulec E. Resulltats de la liberation proximale des Gastrocnemiens [Results of proximal gastrocnemius release]. Paper presented at: Etude Prospective Symposium Bri\u00e8vet\u00e9 des gastrocn\u00e9miens symposium journees de Printemps SFMCP-AFCP, Toulouse.Med Chir Pied. 2006;22:151-156."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2012.0915"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02514828"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100712459173"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2010.0377"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.82B6.11422"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2015.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2012.0750"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100713510498"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2008.0142"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200206000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2008.0871"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2009.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100713488763"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2009.1202"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2007.1154"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","volume-title":"Clinical Gait Analysis: Theory and Practice","author":"Kirtley C.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kirtley C. 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