{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:29:23Z","timestamp":1777613363200,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,9]],"date-time":"2017-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486598400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foot Ankle Int."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Depending on the direction of the subtalar joint, a foot deformity generally tends towards pronation (pes planovalgus) or supination (pes cavovarus). However, the combination of hindfoot varus and flat midfoot\/forefoot (pes planovarus) is an exception to this rule. Pes planovarus has so far only been referred to in connection with M\u00fcller-Weiss disease and congenital disease. We diagnosed pes planovarus in otherwise healthy patients without these diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty patients with 54 symptomatic feet who were treated between August 2012 and July 2016 were included (mean age, 44.1 \u00b1 15.7 years; 15 male\/25 female). They were selected from 1064 consecutive cases (3.8%). Inclusion criteria were hindfoot varus and flat midfoot\/forefoot. Their symptoms, radiographs, and therapies within the first 3 months were retrospectively analyzed. The position in the hindfoot alignment view (HAV), talometatarsal-1 angle lateral (TMT1lat) and dorsoplantar (TMT1dp), talocalcaneal angle lateral (TCAlat) and dorsoplantar (TCAdp), and calcaneal pitch angle (CPA) were measured on a DICOM\/PACS system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean radiological results (standard values from the literature in brackets) were as follows: the hindfoot was significantly in varus in the HAV (\u22126.9 \u00b1 3.6 mm [\u22121.6 \u00b1 7.2 mm]; P &lt; .001), the TMT1lat was significantly flatter (\u22126.7 \u00b1 5.8 degrees [8.4 \u00b1 5.9 degrees]; P &lt; .001), the TMT1dp was significantly less in abduction (1.5 \u00b1 7.9 degrees [7.7 \u00b1 8.2 degrees]; P = .005), the TCAdp showed no difference (25.9 \u00b1 7.9 degrees [24.1 \u00b1 5.7 degrees]; P = .118), the TCAlat was significantly larger (47.5 \u00b1 6.1 degrees [43.4 \u00b1 7.1 degrees]; P &lt; .001), and the CPA was significantly flatter (17.6 \u00b1 3.9 degrees [24.5 \u00b1 3.0 degrees]; P &lt; .001). The most frequent symptoms were stress-induced foot pain (n = 33), hallux valgus (n = 20), chronic ankle instability (n = 17), metatarsalgia (n = 15), chronic midfoot pain (n = 13), heel pain (n = 12), and lesser toe deformities (n = 8). Thirty-one feet were treated conservatively and 23 operatively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study showed the existence of pes planovarus without M\u00fcller-Weiss disease or congenital disease. This unusual foot form leads to difficulties if standard treatment strategies are applied, which raises the issue of the correct treatment for such patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level IV, retrospective case series.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100717690440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,9]],"date-time":"2017-02-09T18:03:46Z","timestamp":1486663426000},"page":"526-531","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Radiographic Study of Pes Planovarus"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Janic","family":"Aebi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Horisberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arno","family":"Frigg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Foot and Ankle Surgery Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1071100717690440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BTF.0000000000000090"},{"key":"bibr2-1071100717690440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-8628(20000703)93:1<11::AID-AJMG3>3.0.CO;2-3"},{"key":"bibr3-1071100717690440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.20.5.396"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr4-1071100717690440","first-page":"376","volume":"37","author":"Beynnon BD","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"bibr5-1071100717690440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.23.5.435"},{"key":"bibr6-1071100717690440","volume-title":"Surgery of the Foot and Ankle: Eight Edition","author":"Coughlin MJ","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr7-1071100717690440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-66-11-812"},{"key":"bibr8-1071100717690440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1083-7515(03)00175-X"},{"key":"bibr9-1071100717690440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546503262181"},{"key":"bibr10-1071100717690440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2007.0237"},{"key":"bibr11-1071100717690440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.07.009"},{"key":"bibr12-1071100717690440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2006.02.005"},{"key":"bibr13-1071100717690440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1083-7515(03)00153-0"},{"key":"bibr14-1071100717690440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.02.011"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr15-1071100717690440","first-page":"57","volume":"17","author":"Momola I","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Og\u00f3lna i Nauk o Zdrowiu"},{"key":"bibr16-1071100717690440","first-page":"519","volume":"53","author":"Parish JG.","year":"1960","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Med"},{"key":"bibr17-1071100717690440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198312000-00026","volume":"181","author":"Radin EL.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"bibr18-1071100717690440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-009-0857-9"},{"key":"bibr19-1071100717690440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079501600911"},{"key":"bibr20-1071100717690440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1938640014528042"},{"key":"bibr21-1071100717690440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-6-228"},{"key":"bibr22-1071100717690440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070502601006"}],"container-title":["Foot &amp; 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