{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T16:04:06Z","timestamp":1793462646128,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,19]],"date-time":"2018-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545177600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Paragon 28"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AR069620"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AR069620"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foot Ankle Int."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lesser toe plantar plate attenuation or disruption is being increasingly implicated in a variety of common clinical conditions. A multitude of surgical techniques and devices have been recently developed to facilitate surgical repair of the plantar plate. However, the microvascular anatomy, and therefore the healing potential in large part, has not been defined. We investigated the microvasculature of the plantar plate by employing a novel technique involving microvascular perfusion and nano\u2013computed tomography (nano-CT) imaging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twelve human adult cadaveric lower extremities were amputated distal to the knee. The anterior and posterior tibial arteries were perfused with a barium solution. The soft tissues of each foot were then counterstained with phosphomolybdic acid (PMA). The second through fourth toe metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints of 12 feet were imaged with nano-CT at 14-micron resolution. Images were then reconstructed for analysis of the plantar plate microvasculature and calculation of the vascular density along the length of the plantar plate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A microvascular network extends from the surrounding soft tissues at the attachments of the plantar plate on both the metatarsal and proximal phalanx. The midsubstance of the plantar plate appears to be relatively hypovascular. Analysis of the vascular density along the length of the plantar plate demonstrated a consistent trend with increased vascular density at approximately the proximal 29% and distal 22% of the plantar plate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is a vascular network extending from the surrounding soft tissues into the proximal and distal attachments of the plantar plate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The hypovascular midportion of the plantar plate may play an important role in the underlying pathoanatomy and pathophysiology of this area. These findings may have significant clinical implications for the reparative potential of this region and the surgical procedures currently described to accomplish anatomic plantar plate repair.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100718816292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,19]],"date-time":"2018-12-19T06:33:08Z","timestamp":1545201188000},"page":"457-464","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Microvasculature of the Plantar Plate Using Nano\u2013Computed Tomography"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Fred T.","family":"Finney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"McPheters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie V.","family":"Singer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaron C.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl J.","family":"Jepsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul G.","family":"Talusan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1071100718816292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197961080-00013"},{"key":"bibr2-1071100718816292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658201000205"},{"key":"bibr3-1071100718816292","first-page":"87","volume":"188","author":"Bray RC","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"bibr4-1071100718816292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.20758"},{"key":"bibr5-1071100718816292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078700800108"},{"key":"bibr6-1071100718816292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079301400601"},{"key":"bibr7-1071100718816292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199205000-00027"},{"key":"bibr8-1071100718816292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079501600804"},{"key":"bibr9-1071100718816292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-22-04-235"},{"key":"bibr10-1071100718816292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00928.2003"},{"key":"bibr11-1071100718816292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2017.09.002"},{"key":"bibr12-1071100718816292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100718758258"},{"key":"bibr13-1071100718816292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100716679110"},{"key":"bibr14-1071100718816292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079801900304"},{"key":"bibr15-1071100718816292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-007-0188-2"},{"key":"bibr16-1071100718816292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2007.01.001"},{"key":"bibr17-1071100718816292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.04.1481"},{"key":"bibr18-1071100718816292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079401500508"},{"key":"bibr19-1071100718816292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2016.12.002"},{"key":"bibr20-1071100718816292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03008207.2015.1005211"},{"key":"bibr21-1071100718816292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000323482"},{"key":"bibr22-1071100718816292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100714527745"},{"key":"bibr23-1071100718816292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13047-016-0165-2"},{"key":"bibr24-1071100718816292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078500600104"},{"key":"bibr25-1071100718816292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100712460227"},{"key":"bibr26-1071100718816292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2012.0857"},{"key":"bibr27-1071100718816292","first-page":"145","volume-title":"Management of Chronic Conditions in the Foot and Lower Leg","volume":"2015","author":"Munteanu S."},{"key":"bibr28-1071100718816292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2014.03.018"},{"key":"bibr29-1071100718816292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2012.0301"},{"key":"bibr30-1071100718816292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100714539659"},{"key":"bibr31-1071100718816292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-015-0318-1"},{"key":"bibr32-1071100718816292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-201108000-00006"},{"key":"bibr33-1071100718816292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22173"},{"key":"bibr34-1071100718816292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2014.04.023"},{"key":"bibr35-1071100718816292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198264050-00007"},{"key":"bibr36-1071100718816292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-014-1920-8"},{"key":"bibr37-1071100718816292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000002696"},{"key":"bibr38-1071100718816292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100714536540"},{"key":"bibr39-1071100718816292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.40B4.765"},{"key":"bibr40-1071100718816292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1938640010397342"},{"key":"bibr41-1071100718816292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546504263702"}],"container-title":["Foot &amp; Ankle International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1071100718816292","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1071100718816292","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1071100718816292","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T21:23:15Z","timestamp":1777411395000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1071100718816292"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,19]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1071100718816292"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1071100718816292","relation":{},"ISSN":["1071-1007","1944-7876"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1071-1007","type":"print"},{"value":"1944-7876","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,19]]}}}