{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T18:45:25Z","timestamp":1793558725904,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,4]],"date-time":"2020-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580774400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foot Ankle Int."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Morton\u2019s neuroma is a common cause of forefoot pain. Various conservative methods (injections of various pharmacologic agents) have been published with an outcome of 6%-75% success rate (free of pain in daily life) per injection. The aim of the present study was to assess the outcome of an improved localization technique, a higher dosage, and a higher percentage of ethanol.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using fluoroscopic and electroneurographic guidance, 2.5 mL of 70% ethanol were injected into 33 feet with a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)\u2013verified neuroma. We evaluated patients at up to 5-year follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A \u201csuccess rate\u201d of more than 82% per single injection (defined as free of pain in daily life) was achieved and no recurrence was seen over 5 years. All scores (visual analog scale; Short Form\u201336 subscales, American Orthopaedic Foot &amp; Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot score) showed significant improvement ( P &lt; .0001). Mean 1.2 injections were necessary. No significant side effects were seen. However, some mild pain persisted in some patients who participated in sports.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The injection of 2.5 mL of 70% ethanol under fluoroscopic and electroneurographic guidance was a safe method for the treatment of MRI-verified Morton\u2019s neuromas. Combining the effect of a higher percentage of alcohol and a higher dosage and an improved localization technique resulted in a high rate of patients without pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level IV, cases series, prospective.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100720903096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,4]],"date-time":"2020-02-04T03:55:13Z","timestamp":1580788513000},"page":"590-595","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Improved Injection Technique of Ethanol for Morton\u2019s Neuroma"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4622-9399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christof","family":"Pabinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria"},{"name":"OPZ Graz, Orthopaedic Private Clinic, Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella","family":"Malaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Lothaller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Music and Performing Arts Graz, Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Samaila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica, Universit\u00e0 di Verona, C.O.C. G.B. Rossi, Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Magnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica, Universit\u00e0 di Verona, C.O.C. G.B. Rossi, Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1071100720903096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100713484300"},{"key":"bibr2-1071100720903096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23899"},{"key":"bibr3-1071100720903096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079501601204"},{"key":"bibr4-1071100720903096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-013-0090-0"},{"key":"bibr5-1071100720903096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200109000-00005"},{"key":"bibr6-1071100720903096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1067-2516(99)80040-4"},{"key":"bibr7-1071100720903096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2011.0576"},{"key":"bibr8-1071100720903096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-003-2057-7"},{"key":"bibr9-1071100720903096","first-page":"90","volume":"142","author":"Gauthier G.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"bibr10-1071100720903096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070402500208"},{"key":"bibr11-1071100720903096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198405000-00023","volume":"185","author":"Greenfield J","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"bibr12-1071100720903096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100713489555"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr13-1071100720903096","first-page":"224","volume":"73","author":"Hassouna H","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"bibr14-1071100720903096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.06.1463"},{"key":"bibr15-1071100720903096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2005.04.010"},{"key":"bibr16-1071100720903096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-013-2002-6"},{"key":"bibr17-1071100720903096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1938640011428510"},{"key":"bibr18-1071100720903096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e3182a92b57"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr19-1071100720903096","first-page":"371","volume":"90","author":"Magnan B","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chir Organi Mov"},{"key":"bibr20-1071100720903096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI-2008-0483"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr21-1071100720903096","first-page":"370","volume":"102","author":"Masala S","year":"2001","journal-title":"Radiol Med"},{"key":"bibr22-1071100720903096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100714546188"},{"key":"bibr23-1071100720903096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7547\/0970203"},{"key":"bibr24-1071100720903096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-009-0812-3"},{"key":"bibr25-1071100720903096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2013.12.006"},{"key":"bibr26-1071100720903096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100714551386"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr27-1071100720903096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2013\/16\/391","volume":"16","author":"Pennekamp W","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"bibr28-1071100720903096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-016-0622-9"},{"key":"bibr29-1071100720903096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199605000-00022"},{"key":"bibr30-1071100720903096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foot.2017.12.003"},{"key":"bibr31-1071100720903096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11420-006-9029-9"},{"key":"bibr32-1071100720903096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.01780"},{"key":"bibr33-1071100720903096","volume":"3","author":"Thomson CE","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"bibr34-1071100720903096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5413.96390"},{"key":"bibr35-1071100720903096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12306-008-0039-2"},{"key":"bibr36-1071100720903096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2008.0574"}],"container-title":["Foot &amp; 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