{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:23:01Z","timestamp":1777612981448,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foot Ankle Int."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recurrence is one of the most common complications following hallux valgus surgery. Moreover, hallux varus occurs in cases of overcorrection. We aimed to quantitatively measure, using radiographic examination, the dynamics of the soft tissues that act on deformities (recurrence of valgus and occurrence of varus) after the surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective single-institution study included 60 patients (98 feet) who underwent hallux valgus surgery between 2009 and 2018. According to radiographic findings of the foot under weightbearing conditions at postoperative month 1, we examined the tendons\u2019 pathway and calculated the forces on the first metatarsophalangeal joint, which we termed the deformity force angle (DFA). We compared whether there was a significant difference in DFAs between the groups in which deformities occurred and those in which deformities did not occur after correction. In addition, the DFA was compared to known radiographic measurements of hallux valgus recurrence (hallux valgus angle, distal metatarsal articular angle, intermetatarsal angle, and sesamoid position) to assess association with recurrence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We observed a significant difference in the DFA between patients with and without hallux valgus recurrence (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001) and between those with and without hallux varus (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001) based on standing radiographs taken at a minimum of 6 months postoperation. For predicting the deformities, the areas under the curve were 0.863 (hallux valgus recurrence) and 0.831 (hallux varus occurrence), respectively, which was greater than other factors evaluated. The DFA values greater than 9.5 degrees and less than 5.5 degrees were associated with the recurrence of valgus and occurrence of varus, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In our study, DFA was associated with hallux valgus recurrence when it exceeded 9.5 degrees and hallux varus when it was less than 5.5 degrees. Moreover, in the hallux valgus surgery we performed, a DFA from 5.5 to 9.5 degrees appeared to be a \u201csafe zone\u201d for preventing early deformity after surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level III, prognostic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10711007221144046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T06:58:19Z","timestamp":1674197899000},"page":"159-166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Long Hallucal Tendon Force Vectors and First Metatarsophalangeal Deformity After Hallux Valgus Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1155-6077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minsoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6948-5347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ho Seong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8037-2650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young Rak","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeongho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea"},{"name":"Jeongho Kim is now affiliated to Department of Applied Mathematics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Choong Guen","family":"Chee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8923-9856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang Hyup","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.F.01139"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","volume-title":"Mann\u2019s Surgery of the Foot and Ankle","author":"Coughlin MJ","year":"2014","unstructured":"Coughlin MJ, Saltzman CL, Anderson RB. Hallux valgus. In: Mann\u2019s Surgery of the Foot and Ankle. Elsevier Health; 2014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.33B3.376"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2021.11.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100718807699"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199274010-00016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/428577"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","volume-title":"Statistical Methods for Health Care Research","author":"Munro BH.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Munro BH. Statistical Methods for Health Care Research. 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