{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T00:19:48Z","timestamp":1793578788248,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]],"date-time":"2025-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752883200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"LS Peery Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foot Ankle Int."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The development of posttraumatic osteoarthritis after intra-articular fracture (IAF) of the tibial plafond is multifactorial and complex. The purpose of this study was to evaluate chondrocyte cell death at various areas of the ankle plafond in a high-energy and low-energy porcine pilon fracture model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifteen pilon ankle fractures were created in porcine hindlimbs using a validated large-animal IAF model. Three groups were tested: control pigs (CP), low-energy fracture pigs (LEP), and high-energy fracture pigs (HEP). Chondral samples were taken from the plafond adjacent to fracture (Tib-F), plafond at 5 mm away from the fracture (Tib-C), talus near the fracture (Tal-F), and talus 5 mm away from the fracture (Tal-C). At 48\u2009hours, the samples were stained for live and dead cell labeling and confocal microscopy\u2013evaluated cell death.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cell death was significantly greater for the HEP when compared to the LEP. HEP Tib-F fractional cell death was 41.92% (SD 3.5) compared with LEP Tib-F 28.8% (SD 4.32) (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.0001) and HEP Tal-F fractional cell death was 40.41% (SD 4.1) compared with LEP Tal-F cell death of 25.91% (SD 4.28) (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.0018). Similarly, the fractional cell death of chondral samples near the fracture was significantly greater than the cell death 5 mm away from the fracture in both the LEP and HEP (all\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.0001). Finally, despite no visible fractures of the talar dome, the chondrocyte cell death was not significantly different between the tibia and the talus (HEP Tib-F 41.92% vs HEP Tal-F 40.41%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.29; LEP Tib-F 28.80% vs LEP Tal-F 25.91%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.16).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chondrocyte cell death was greatest at the fracture margin and in high-energy fractures. Interestingly, across both high- and low-energy IAF models, the chondrocyte cell injury rate was similar for both the talar dome and tibial plafond. Future research should focus on mitigating chondrocyte demise after injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The rate of posttraumatic osteoarthritis after tibial plafond injuries in humans is exceedingly high despite advances in operative treatment. This study uses a clinically relevant, large-animal pilon fracture model to evaluate rates of chondrocyte cell death after 48 hours. This study confirms that cartilage cell death is associated with proximity to the fracture lines, higher-energy injury, and that pilon injuries impact cartilage on both the tibia and talus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10711007251341310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]],"date-time":"2025-07-19T10:27:35Z","timestamp":1752920855000},"page":"827-835","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Porcine Pilon Fractures Result in Significant Chondrocyte Cell Death on Both Sides of the Tibiotalar Joint"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9670-8211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Graham J.","family":"DeKeyser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Health &amp; Sciences University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Portland, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyler J.","family":"Thorne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Salt Lake City, UT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Utah State University Laboratory Animal Medicine, Logan, UT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8269-3925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justin M.","family":"Haller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Salt Lake City, UT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.21359"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"The pathomechanical etiology of post-traumatic osteoarthritis following intraarticular fractures","volume":"31","author":"Anderson DD","year":"2011","unstructured":"Anderson DD, Marsh JL, Brown TD. The pathomechanical etiology of post-traumatic osteoarthritis following intraarticular fractures. 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