{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T18:51:14Z","timestamp":1792003874605,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765152000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foot Ankle Int."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bone tumors of the foot and ankle account for 1% to 2% of all skeletal tumors. Our review aimed to determine their distribution according to histologic type, anatomical site, affected bone, patient sex, and age group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We reviewed institutional epidemiologic studies focusing on surgically treated bone tumors of the foot and ankle, following the latest classification of the World Health Organization (2020). Our selection process adhered to the PRISMA guidelines. We provide a descriptive synthesis of the results from the included studies, along with subgroup analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 20 studies, totaling 2541 tumors: 1810 (71.2%) benign, 279 (11.0%) intermediate, and 452 (17.8%) malignant. The most frequent benign tumors were enchondroma, osteoid osteoma, and simple bone cysts. Among intermediate tumors, giant cell tumor of bone and osteoblastoma were most common, whereas chondrosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and osteosarcoma were the most frequent malignant tumors. The hindfoot was the most affected segment, followed by the forefoot, ankle, and midfoot. The calcaneus was the bone most affected by both benign and malignant tumors, whereas the metatarsals were the most frequent site for intermediate tumors. There was a slight predominance in men (56.8%). Benign tumors were more prevalent in individuals &lt;20\u2009years of age, whereas intermediate and malignant tumors were more common between the ages of 20 and 59 years. All tumors in individuals aged 60\u2009years and older were malignant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In surgically treated foot and ankle bone tumors, benign lesions predominated, malignancies comprised roughly 1 in 5, and the hindfoot, particularly the calcaneus, was most frequently involved. These patterns can guide differential diagnosis and operative planning, but heterogeneity and sparse demographic data (especially age) limit precision and preclude population-level estimates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10711007251394723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T08:23:00Z","timestamp":1765182180000},"page":"247-259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Epidemiology of Surgically Treated Foot and Ankle Bone Tumors: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8681-9428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Delmonte Moreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Cirurgia do P\u00e9 e Tornozelo, Hospital Santa Izabel, Santa Casa de Miseric\u00f3rdia da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"},{"name":"Orthopedics and Traumatology Research Group, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udio","family":"Santili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas da Santa Casa de Miseric\u00f3rdia de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Guedes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedics and Traumatology Research Group, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Cirurgia Experimental e Especialidades Cir\u00fargicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"},{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Cirurgia do Tecido \u00d3sseo e Conectivo, Hospital Aristides Maltez, Liga Bahiana Contra o C\u00e2ncer, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"},{"name":"Grupo de Oncologia Ortop\u00e9dica, Hospital Santa Izabel, Santa Casa de Miseric\u00f3rdia da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Garcia Barreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedics and Traumatology Research Group, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"},{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Cirurgia do Tecido \u00d3sseo e Conectivo, Hospital Aristides Maltez, Liga Bahiana Contra o C\u00e2ncer, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"},{"name":"Grupo de Oncologia Ortop\u00e9dica, Hospital Santa Izabel, Santa Casa de Miseric\u00f3rdia da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udio Luiz","family":"da Silva Lima Paz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aparecida","family":"Aguiar Lima Guedes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Salvador, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2012.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1067-2516(01)80063-6"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"47","article-title":"Bone tumors of the foot: epidemiology and diagnosis","volume":"76","author":"Casadei R","year":"1991","unstructured":"Casadei R, Ferraro A, Ferruzzi A, Biagini R, Ruggieri P. 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