{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T07:10:39Z","timestamp":1793171439013,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769212800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foot Ankle Int."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hindfoot and ankle arthrodesis, although routinely performed for arthritis, trauma, and deformity correction, carries risks of several postoperative complications. Cigarette smoking is a well-established risk factor for impaired bone healing, but the effects of non-tobacco nicotine dependence (NTND) are poorly understood. This study aims to evaluate the association between NTND and postoperative complications following ankle and hindfoot fusion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This retrospective cohort study used the TriNetX database to identify patients who underwent hindfoot arthrodesis. Patients were categorized into NTND (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision<\/jats:italic>\n                      [\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ICD-10<\/jats:italic>\n                      ]: F17, excluding tobacco-specific codes) and nonsmoker cohorts. Propensity score matching (1:1) was performed to balance demographics and comorbidities. Outcomes were assessed at 90 days and 2\u2009years postoperatively from date of surgery using risk ratios (RRs), absolute risk differences, with corresponding 95% CIs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After matching, 2172 patients were included in each cohort. NTND patients had significantly higher 90-day rates of opioid prescriptions (RR 1.20, 95% CI: 1.16-1.24), emergency department visits (RR 1.31, 95% CI: 1.10-1.57), hospitalizations (RR 1.20, 95% CI: 1.07-1.35), postoperative infections (RR 1.61, 95% CI: 1.20-2.17), and wound complications (RR 1.68, 95% CI: 1.26-2.84) (all\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.05). At 2\u2009years, NTND patients experienced increased rates of pseudoarthrosis (RR 1.52, 95% CI: 1.37-1.68), mechanical implant failure (RR 1.42, 95% CI: 1.21-1.67), infection-related implant failure (RR 1.39, 95% CI: 1.12-1.71), and periprosthetic fractures (RR 1.59, 95% CI 1.36-1.87) (all\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.05). No differences in revision arthrodesis rates were observed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NTND is associated with increased short- and long-term complications following hindfoot fusion, suggesting that vaping may negatively impact surgical recovery. Surgeons should incorporate NTND considerations in preoperative risk assessments and promote cessation strategies to optimize patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10711007251408475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T09:05:24Z","timestamp":1769245524000},"page":"525-533","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association Between Non-Tobacco Nicotine Dependence and Postoperative Complications After Ankle and Hindfoot Arthrodesis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7009-0093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anish K.","family":"Ponna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kush S.","family":"Mody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhinav","family":"Bhamidipati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0615-2613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grant M.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joydeep","family":"Baidya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7762-3685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nana","family":"Amponsah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph N.","family":"Daniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Pedowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1308-9038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selene G.","family":"Parekh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"},{"name":"Princeton University, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2014.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2024.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-23-01053"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2025.100790"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-017-0338-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2010.02088.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.13631"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.93.BJR-2019-0089.R1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1563\/aaid-joi-d-18-00009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100720980023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2011.0940"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-011-1455-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/24730114211040740"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100715587045"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10711007231171087"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2019.134627"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","first-page":"67","article-title":"Correlation of computer tomography with lymphadenectomy findings in patients with non-seminomatous testicular tumors. 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