{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:12:35Z","timestamp":1777612355998,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1984,1,1]],"date-time":"1984-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":441763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foot &amp; Ankle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Varus and valgus foot, often associated with equinus, are common problems in cerebral palsy. These deformities can interfere with standing or walking, aggravate shoe wear, and lead to painful calluses on pressure areas of the foot. The deformities are caused by a basic muscle imbalance. If the posterior or anterior tibial muscles are overactive, the foot will swing into varus. If the peroneal muscles predominate, the foot assumes a valgus position. However, the alignment of the hip and knee play an important role in the production of deformity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Correction of the deformity must be preceded by assessment of the deforming forces. In the younger child, simple muscle releases weaken the overpowering muscles and help restore muscle balance. In some instances, muscle transfers, either whole or split, not only alleviate the deforming force but also may provide needed support for the weaker muscles. Once bone deformities are established, they must be corrected either prior to or simultaneously with muscle procedures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The purposes of this article is to outline the evaluation of the deformity and the various soft tissue and bone operations which can be performed to correct them in order to obtain a satisfactory plantigrade foot.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078400400402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,29]],"date-time":"2013-01-29T07:30:35Z","timestamp":1359444635000},"page":"174-179","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Varus and Valgus Foot in Cerebral Palsy and its Management"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Leon","family":"Root","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hospital for Special Surgery, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York"},{"name":"Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1984,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-107110078400400402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196446010-00001"},{"key":"bibr2-107110078400400402","first-page":"70","volume":"22","author":"Banks H. H.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res."},{"key":"bibr3-107110078400400402","unstructured":"Barrasso J. A., Wile P. B., Gage J. R.: Extra-articular subtalar arthrodesis with internal fixation. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine, San Diego, Calif., Oct. 6\u201310, 1982."},{"key":"bibr4-107110078400400402","volume-title":"Current practice in orthopedic surgery","volume":"3","author":"Bassett F. H.","year":"1966"},{"key":"bibr5-107110078400400402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1982.tb13656.x"},{"key":"bibr6-107110078400400402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197658040-00012"},{"key":"bibr7-107110078400400402","unstructured":"Bleck E. E.: Orthopedic management of cerebral palsy. Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders p. 189, 1979."},{"key":"bibr8-107110078400400402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197110000-00001"},{"key":"bibr9-107110078400400402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197109000-00010"},{"key":"bibr10-107110078400400402","unstructured":"Green N.: Split posterior tibial tendon transfer for the valgus foot in cerebral palsy. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine, Detroit, Oct., 1981."},{"key":"bibr11-107110078400400402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197211000-00026"},{"key":"bibr12-107110078400400402","unstructured":"Hensinger R. N., Kling T. F.: The results of split posterior tibial tendon transfer in children with cerebral palsy. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine, Oct. 6\u201310, 1982, San Diego, Calif."},{"key":"bibr13-107110078400400402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)31237-2"},{"key":"bibr14-107110078400400402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-196907000-00021"},{"key":"bibr15-107110078400400402","unstructured":"Kaufer H.: Split tendon transfer in cerebral palsy. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine, Oct., 1976."},{"key":"bibr16-107110078400400402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-196811000-00023"},{"key":"bibr17-107110078400400402","unstructured":"Nakano J. S., Schmitt E. M.Jr.: The Grice extra-articular subtalar arthrodesis in spasticity. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine, Oct. 6\u201310, 1982, San Diego, Calif."},{"key":"bibr18-107110078400400402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197759040-00021"},{"key":"bibr19-107110078400400402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197456030-00008"},{"key":"bibr20-107110078400400402","author":"Root L.","year":"1970","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"key":"bibr21-107110078400400402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1976.tb04217.x"},{"key":"bibr22-107110078400400402","unstructured":"Root L., Kirz P.: The result of posterior tibial tendon surgery in 83 patients with cerebral palsy. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine, Oct. 1981, Detroit, Mich."},{"key":"bibr23-107110078400400402","unstructured":"Rosenthal R. K., Candage R. 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