{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:21:17Z","timestamp":1777612877332,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1985,10,1]],"date-time":"1985-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":496972800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foot &amp; Ankle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The theatrical dancer is a unique combination of athlete and artist. The physical demands of dance class, rehearsal, and performance can lead to injury, particularly to the foot and ankle. Ankle sprains are the most common acute injury. Chronic injuries predominate and relate primarily to the repeated impact loading of the foot and ankle on the dance floor. Contributing factors include anatomic variation, improper technique, and fatigue.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Early and aggressive conservative management is usually successful and surgery is rarely indicated. Orthotics play a limited but potentially useful role in treatment Following treatment, a structured rehabilitation program is fundamental to the successful return to dance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078500600203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,3]],"date-time":"2013-03-03T03:24:58Z","timestamp":1362281098000},"page":"59-69","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Foot and Ankle Injuries in Theatrical Dancers"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"6","author":[{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"William T.","family":"Hardaker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Consultant American Dance Festival, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Margello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. Leonard","family":"Goldner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James B. Duke Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1985,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-107110078500600203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453677809005772"},{"key":"bibr2-107110078500600203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.38B1.83"},{"key":"bibr3-107110078500600203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ecker M.L., Ritter M.A., Jacobs B.S. The symptomatic os-trigonum. JAMA, 204, 1967.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1967.03130110108037"},{"key":"bibr4-107110078500600203","unstructured":"Gelabert R. Turning out. Dance Magazine, February, 1977, p. 86."},{"key":"bibr5-107110078500600203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078000100206"},{"key":"bibr6-107110078500600203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/18.4.235"},{"key":"bibr7-107110078500600203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078200300208"},{"key":"bibr8-107110078500600203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078200300204"},{"key":"bibr9-107110078500600203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(20)31382-X"},{"key":"bibr10-107110078500600203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078200300205"},{"key":"bibr11-107110078500600203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197211000-00008"},{"key":"bibr12-107110078500600203","volume-title":"The Joints of the Ankle.","author":"Inman V.","year":"1976"},{"key":"bibr13-107110078500600203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(20)31385-5"},{"key":"bibr14-107110078500600203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078200300203"},{"key":"bibr15-107110078500600203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.37B2.257"},{"key":"bibr16-107110078500600203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(20)31365-X"},{"key":"bibr17-107110078500600203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197509000-00026"},{"key":"bibr18-107110078500600203","unstructured":"Myers M. Talking technique: is the grand pli\u00e9 obsolete? Dance Magazine, June 1982."},{"key":"bibr19-107110078500600203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354657500300507"},{"key":"bibr20-107110078500600203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.1.1.17"},{"key":"bibr21-107110078500600203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197759070-00006"},{"key":"bibr22-107110078500600203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(20)31383-1"},{"key":"bibr23-107110078500600203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658301100402"},{"key":"bibr24-107110078500600203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198407000-00027","volume":"187","author":"Sammarco G.J.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res."},{"key":"bibr25-107110078500600203","first-page":"626","volume-title":"Disorders of the Foot.","author":"Sammarco G.J.","year":"1982"},{"key":"bibr26-107110078500600203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(20)31390-9"},{"key":"bibr27-107110078500600203","unstructured":"Thomasen E. Diseases and Injuries of Ballet Dancers. Universitetsforlaget I. 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