{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T04:47:57Z","timestamp":1777610877387,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1992,7,1]],"date-time":"1992-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":709948800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foot &amp; Ankle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The microvascular anatomy of the sesamoid complex was investigated in 15 cadaver specimens using histology and tissue clearing (Spalteholz) techniques. It was found that both sesamoids appeared equally well vascularized and the vascular supply to each sesamoid originated from two major sources (proximal and plantar) and one minor source (distal). Proximally, vessels originating from the first plantar metatarsal artery enter the sesamoid at its attachment to the flexor hallucis brevis. In addition, vessels enter the plantar surface of the sesamoid near the midline and arborize throughout the bone, anastamosing with the proximal vessels. The distal vascular supply to the sesamoids originates from its distal capsular attachment and appears to contribute minimally to the overall vascular scheme. The lateral attachments of the sesamoids to the plantar plate and joint capsule were relatively avascular. In two bipartite specimens examined, the major blood supply originated from the proximal and distal poles of the sesamoid. No vessels were observed entering the plantar surface of these specimens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The results of this study suggest that injury to the proximal or plantar aspects of the sesamoids could disrupt the vascular supply to these bones. These areas should, therefore, be avoided during the surgical approach to the sesamoids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079201300613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,3]],"date-time":"2013-03-03T03:31:12Z","timestamp":1362281472000},"page":"359-363","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["The Microvasculature of the Sesamoid Complex: Its Clinical Significance"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Mark","family":"Sobel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Comparative Orthopaedic Research, The Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York"},{"name":"New York Hospital and the Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Comparative Orthopaedic Research, The Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York"},{"name":"New York Hospital and the Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven P.","family":"Arnoczky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Comparative Orthopaedic Research, The Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York"},{"name":"New York Hospital and the Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Walther H.O.","family":"Bohne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Comparative Orthopaedic Research, The Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York"},{"name":"New York Hospital and the Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1992,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","first-page":"120","article-title":"A re-appraisal of the medial sesamoid of the hallux","volume":"59","author":"Apley A.G.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Apley A.G. A re-appraisal of the medial sesamoid of the hallux. Proc. R. Soc. Med., 59: 120\u2013121, 1966.","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197961080-00013"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658801600419"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-192112000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1931.01160060064004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","first-page":"23","volume-title":"Instruction Course Lectures","author":"Coughlin M.J.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Coughlin M.J. Sesamoid pain: causes and surgical treatment. In Instruction Course Lectures. Vol 39. Park Ridge, IL, American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, 1990, Ch. 3, pp. 23\u201335."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","first-page":"259","volume-title":"Surgery of the Foot","author":"DuVries H.L.","year":"1965","unstructured":"DuVries H.L. (Ed.): Surgery of the Foot. 2nd Ed. St. Louis, C. V. Mosby, 1965, pp. 259\u2013278.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.42B4.840"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.36B2.272"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198106000-00015","article-title":"The great toe sesamoid bones: the lus or lost soils of Ushaia","volume":"157","author":"Helal B.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Helal B. The great toe sesamoid bones: the lus or lost soils of Ushaia. Clin. Orthop., 157: 82\u201387, 1981.","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1933.01170090041002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198106000-00016"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Die Sesambeine des I","volume":"2","author":"Kewenter Y.","year":"1936","unstructured":"Kewenter Y. Die Sesambeine des I. Metatarsophalangealgelenks des Menschen. Acta Orthop. Scand. [Suppl.], 2: 1, 1936.","journal-title":"Metatarsophalangealgelenks des Menschen. Acta Orthop. Scand"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(20)31190-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","first-page":"209","volume-title":"Mann's Surgery of the Foot","author":"Pfeffinger L.L.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Pfeffinger L.L., Mann R.A. Sesamoid and accessory bones. In Mann's Surgery of the Foot. 5th Ed. St. Louis, C. V. Mosby, 1986, pp. 209\u2013229.","edition":"5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078700700405"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659001800311"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","first-page":"86","volume-title":"Anatomy of the Foot and Ankle","author":"Sarrafian S.K.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Sarrafian S.K. Anatomy of the Foot and Ankle. Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott, 1983, pp. 86\u201387."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.49B3.563"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078100100604"}],"container-title":["Foot &amp; Ankle"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/107110079201300613","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/107110079201300613","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/107110079201300613","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T21:18:08Z","timestamp":1777411088000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/107110079201300613"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,7]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/107110079201300613"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/107110079201300613","relation":{},"ISSN":["0198-0211"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0198-0211","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,7]]}}}