{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T04:53:41Z","timestamp":1777611221178,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,4,1]],"date-time":"1994-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":765158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foot Ankle Int."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Adult hallux varus is an uncommon clinical entity usually caused by an inflammatory arthropathy or overcorrection during bunion reconstruction. We present five cases of unexplained spontaneous hallux varus. Clinically, all patients initially were found to have flexible deformities, and no evidence of underlying inflammatory disease or history of trauma. Symptoms were easily relieved with shoe wear modifications. Two of the patients developed more rigid deformities and subsequent medial callusing of the first toe and varus deformities of the lesser toes. These two patients eventually required surgical intervention. A Keller arthroplasty was performed on the first metatarsophalangeal joint and valgus proximal phalangeal osteotomies were done on the lateral toes when indicated. The outcome for these patients was good. Possible etiologic mechanisms are discussed. It is postulated that in these cases, the abductor hallucis tendon inserts more medially on the phalanx and overpowers the adductor. This produces a medially directed moment and, with time, a varus deformity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079401500408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,3]],"date-time":"2013-03-03T03:31:12Z","timestamp":1362281472000},"page":"197-205","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Idiopathic Adult Hallux Varus"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"William Malcolm","family":"Granberry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Former Fellow Foot and Ankle Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin. Present address: Bone and Joint Clinic of Houston, 6624 Fannin St., Suite 2600, Houston, Texas 77030. To whom requests for reprints should be addressed."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. Hugh","family":"Hickey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,4,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"bibr1-107110079401500408","first-page":"51","volume":"26","author":"Bilotti M.A.","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Foot Surg."},{"key":"bibr2-107110079401500408","unstructured":"2. Bleck E.E. Metatarsus adductus: classification and relationship to outcomes of treatment. J. Pediatr. Orthop., 32\u20139, (1983.)"},{"key":"bibr3-107110079401500408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/286385a0"},{"key":"bibr4-107110079401500408","unstructured":"4. DuVries H.L. Surgery of the Foot. Mann R.A. (ed.), St. Louis, C. V. Mosby, (1978. p. 259."},{"key":"bibr5-107110079401500408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(58)90515-4"},{"key":"bibr6-107110079401500408","unstructured":"6. Gamble F.O., Yale L.: Clinical Foot Roentgenology. Baltimore, Williams 8 Wilkins, (1966), p. 201"},{"key":"bibr7-107110079401500408","first-page":"705","volume":"20","author":"Haas S.L.","year":"1938","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg."},{"key":"bibr8-107110079401500408","first-page":"107","volume-title":"The Foot Book.","author":"Handelson J.E.","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr9-107110079401500408","unstructured":"9. no ref"},{"key":"bibr10-107110079401500408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197105000-00024"},{"key":"bibr0-107110079401500408","first-page":"828","volume":"19","author":"Horwitz M.T.","year":"1937","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg."},{"key":"bibr11-107110079401500408","volume-title":"Disorders of the Foot and Ankle.","author":"Jahss M.H.","year":"1991","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr12-107110079401500408","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8897","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198106000-00016","volume":"157","author":"Jahss M.H.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop."},{"key":"bibr13-107110079401500408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078300300409"},{"key":"bibr14-107110079401500408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198466050-00005"},{"key":"bibr15-107110079401500408","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198106000-00014","volume":"157","author":"Kato T.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Clin. 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