{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T15:02:18Z","timestamp":1790866938046,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,2,1]],"date-time":"1999-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":917827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foot Ankle Int."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>With a model using feet from cadavers, we tested the hypothesis that plantar fascial release or rupture alters the loading environment of the forefoot during the latter half of the stance phase of gait. The model simulated the position and loading environment of the foot at two instants: early in terminal stance immediately after heel-off and late in terminal stance just preceding contralateral heel strike. Eight feet were loaded at both positions by simulated plantar flexor contraction, and the distribution of plantar pressure was measured before and after progressive release of the plantar fascia. Strain in the diaphysis of the second metatarsal was also measured, from which the bending moments and axial force imposed on the metatarsal were calculated. Cutting the medial half of the central plantar fascial band significantly increased peak pressure under the metatarsal heads but had little effect on pressures in other regions of the forefoot or on second metatarsal strain and loading. Dividing the entire central band or completely releasing the plantar fascia from the calcaneus had a much greater effect and caused significant shifts in plantar pressure and force from the toes to beneath the metatarsal heads. These shifts were accompanied by significantly increased strain and bending in the second metatarsal. Complete fasciotomy increased the magnitude of strain in the dorsal aspect of the second metatarsal by more than 80%, suggesting that plantar fascial release or rupture accelerates the accumulation of fatigue damage in these bones. Altered forefoot loading may be a potential complication of plantar fasciotomy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079902000204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,3]],"date-time":"2013-03-03T03:31:12Z","timestamp":1362281472000},"page":"86-96","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Biomechanical Consequences of Plantar Fascial Release or Rupture During Gait Part II: Alterations in Forefoot Loading"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Neil A.","family":"Sharkey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Park, Pennsylvania, and Sacramento, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth W.","family":"Donahue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedic Research Laboratories, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Ferris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedic Research Laboratories, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-107110079902000204","first-page":"568","volume":"30","author":"Barrett S.L.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Endoscopic plantar fasciotomy for chronic plantar fasciitis\/heel spur syndrome: surgical technique\u2014early clinical results"},{"key":"bibr2-107110079902000204","first-page":"739","volume":"14","author":"Carter D.R.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Resultant loads and elastic modulus calibration of long bone cross sections"},{"key":"bibr3-107110079902000204","first-page":"481","volume":"52","author":"Carter D.R.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Fatigue behavior of adult cortical bone: the influence of mean strain and strain range"},{"key":"bibr4-107110079902000204","first-page":"23","volume":"26","author":"Cavanagh P.R.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ulceration, unsteadiness, and uncertainty: the biomechanical consequences of diabetes mellitus"},{"key":"bibr5-107110079902000204","first-page":"344","volume":"15","author":"Chandler T.J.","year":"1993","journal-title":"A biomechanical approach to the prevention and rehabilitation of plantar fasciotomy"},{"key":"bibr6-107110079902000204","first-page":"188","volume":"13","author":"Daly P.J.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Plantar fasciotomy for intractable plantar fasciitis: clinical results and biomechanical evaluation"},{"key":"bibr7-107110079902000204","first-page":"344","volume":"15","author":"Duncan R.L.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mechanotransduction and the functional response of bone to mechanical strain"},{"key":"bibr8-107110079902000204","first-page":"464","volume":"16","author":"Ferris L.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Influence of extrinsic plantar flexors on forefoot loading during heel rise"},{"key":"bibr9-107110079902000204","first-page":"91","volume":"23","author":"Frederich J.A.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Muscle fiber architecture in the human lower limb"},{"key":"bibr10-107110079902000204","first-page":"25","volume":"88","author":"Hicks J.H.","year":"1954","journal-title":"The mechanics of the foot: the plantar aponeurosis and the arch"},{"key":"bibr11-107110079902000204","first-page":"353","volume":"14","author":"Huang C.K.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biomechanical evaluation of longitudinal arch stability"},{"key":"bibr12-107110079902000204","first-page":"66","volume":"19","author":"Kibler B.W.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Functional biomechanical deficits in running athletes with plantar fasciitis"},{"key":"bibr13-107110079902000204","first-page":"557","volume":"15","author":"Kitaoka H.B.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Material properties of the plantar aponeurosis"},{"key":"bibr14-107110079902000204","first-page":"119","volume":"7","author":"Kwong P.K.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Plantar fasciitis: mechanics and pathomechanics of treatment"},{"key":"bibr15-107110079902000204","first-page":"20","volume":"30","author":"Lapidus P.W.","year":"1963","journal-title":"Kinesiology and mechanical anatomy of the tarsal joints"},{"key":"bibr16-107110079902000204","first-page":"156","volume":"7","author":"Leach R.E.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Results of surgery in athletes with plantar fasciitis"},{"key":"bibr17-107110079902000204","first-page":"818","volume":"10","author":"Martin R.B.","year":"1992","journal-title":"A Theory of fatigue damage accumulation and repair in cortical bone"},{"key":"bibr18-107110079902000204","unstructured":"18. Perry J.: Gait Analysis: Normal and Pathological Function. Thorofare, NJ, Slack, 1992, pp. 415\u2013419."},{"key":"bibr19-107110079902000204","first-page":"306","volume":"21","author":"Rodgers M.M.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dynamic foot biomechanics"},{"key":"bibr20-107110079902000204","first-page":"S11","volume":"36","author":"Rubin CT","year":"1984","journal-title":"Skeletal strain and the functional significance of bone architecture"},{"key":"bibr21-107110079902000204","first-page":"4","volume":"8","author":"Sarrafian S.K.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Functional characteristics of the foot and plantar aponeurosis under tibiotalar loading"},{"key":"bibr22-107110079902000204","first-page":"185","volume":"266","author":"Schepsis A.A.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Plantar fasciitis: etiology, treatment, surgical results, and review of the literature"},{"key":"bibr23-107110079902000204","first-page":"812","volume":"19","author":"Sharkey N.A.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biomechanical consequences of plantar fascial release or rupture during gait"},{"key":"bibr24-107110079902000204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24. Sharkey N.A., Ferris L, Smith T.S., and Matthews D. K.: Strain and loading of the second metatarsal during heel-lift. J. Bone Joint Surg., 77A:1050\u20131057, 1995.","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199507000-00011"},{"key":"bibr25-107110079902000204","first-page":"579","volume":"129","author":"Stokes I.A.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Forces acting on the metatarsals during normal walking"},{"key":"bibr26-107110079902000204","first-page":"66","volume":"48","author":"Sutherland D.H.","year":"1966","journal-title":"An electromyographic study of the plantar flexors of the ankle in normal walking on the level"},{"key":"bibr27-107110079902000204","first-page":"152","volume":"8","author":"Ward W.G.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Proximal longitudinal arch incision for plantar fascia release"},{"key":"bibr28-107110079902000204","first-page":"275","volume":"179","author":"Wickiewicz T.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Muscle architecture of the human lower limb"},{"key":"bibr29-107110079902000204","unstructured":"29. Winter D.A.: Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement. 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