{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T17:01:00Z","timestamp":1789837260704,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,1]],"date-time":"1999-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":920246400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foot Ankle Int."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Between 1974 and 1985, 59 patients (83 feet) underwent basal closing wedge osteotomy in combination with a bunionectomy and a lateral soft tissue release for correction of hallux valgus and metatarsus primus varus at this institution. Of the original 59 patients, 42 patients (60 feet) with at least 10 years of follow-up (average, 194 months; range, 144\u2013266 months) were available for this study. Results were analyzed by review of the medical records and plain radiographs, a standardized clinical questionnaire, and physical examination. Of the 60 feet, patients rated outcomes as excellent or good in 51 feet (85%) and rated cosmesis as excellent or good in 44 feet (73%). Radiographically at final follow-up, hallux valgus and intermetatarsal angles averaged 19.9\u00b0 (range, 0\u201340\u00b0) and 6.7\u00b0 (range, 0\u201318\u00b0), respectively. The sesam-oid position was corrected from an average preoperative grade of 2.6 to a grade of 0.9 at final follow-up. The average shortening of the first metatarsal was 5 mm. The disadvantages of the closing wedge osteotomy are that it is technically demanding and it entails the risk of shortening, dorsal malalignment, and metatarsalgia. In the current study, long-term complications included hallux varus deformity (16 feet), dorsal malalignment (15 feet), and metatarsalgia (14 feet). Despite good correction of the intermetatarsal angle and sesamoid position, the clinical results and the incidence of complications after basal closing wedge osteotomy were not as favorable as those reported for other procedures in the literature. Therefore, alternative procedures, such as the basal crescentic osteotomy or the basal chevron osteotomy, should be used.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079902000306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,3]],"date-time":"2013-03-03T03:31:12Z","timestamp":1362281472000},"page":"171-177","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Basal Closing Wedge Osteotomy for Correction of Hallux Valgus and Metatarsus Primus Varus: 10- to 22-Year Follow-up"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Hans-J\u00f6rg","family":"Trnka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Gersthof, Vienna, Austria."},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland."},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Gersthof, Vienna, Austria."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michaela","family":"M\u00fchlbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Gersthof, Vienna, Austria."},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Gersthof, Vienna, Austria."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Zembsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Gersthof, Vienna, Austria."},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Gersthof, Vienna, Austria."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Hungerford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Gersthof, Vienna, Austria."},{"name":"Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Ritschl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Gersthof, Vienna, Austria."},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Gersthof, Vienna, Austria."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Salzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Gersthof, Vienna, Austria."},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Gersthof, Vienna, Austria."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_1","first-page":"54","volume":"24","author":"Amarnek D.L.","year":"1985","unstructured":"1. Amarnek D.L., Jacobs A.M., Oloff L.M.: Adolescent hallux valgus: its etiology and surgical management. J. Foot Surg., 24: 54\u201361, 1985.","journal-title":"Adolescent hallux valgus: its etiology and surgical management"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_1","first-page":"1013","volume":"53","author":"Cedell C.A.","year":"1982","unstructured":"2. Cedell C.A., Astr\u00f6m M.: Proximal metatarsal osteotomy in hallux valgus. Acta Orthop. Scand., 53:1013\u20131018, 1982.","journal-title":"Proximal metatarsal osteotomy in hallux valgus"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_1","first-page":"142","volume":"17","author":"Dreeben S.","year":"1996","unstructured":"3. Dreeben S., Mann R.A.: Advanced hallux valgus deformity: long-term results utilizing the distal soft tissue procedure and proximal metatarsal osteotomy. 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Jahss M.H., Troy A.I., Kummer F.: Roentgenographic and mathematical analysis of first metatarsal osteotomies for metatarsus primus varus: a comparative study. Foot Ankle, 5:280\u2013321, 1985.","journal-title":"Roentgenographic and mathematical analysis of first metatarsal osteotomies for metatarsus primus varus: a comparative study"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_1","first-page":"741","volume":"80","author":"Keller W.L.","year":"1904","unstructured":"8. Keller W.L.: The surgical treatment of bunions and hallux valgus. N. Y. Med. J., 80:741\u2013742, 1904.","journal-title":"The surgical treatment of bunions and hallux valgus"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_1","first-page":"349","volume":"15","author":"Kitaoka H.B.","year":"1994","unstructured":"9. Kitaoka H.B., Alexander I.J., Adelaar R.S., Nunley J.A., Myerson M.S., Sanders M.: Clinical rating systems for the ankle-hindfoot, midfoot, hallux, and lesser toes. 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Sammarco G.J.: Bunion correction using proximal Chevron osteotomy: a single incision technique. Paper presented at the Combined Meeting of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society and the Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot Waikoloa HI November 13-15 1997."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_1","first-page":"8","volume":"14","author":"Sammarco G.J.","year":"1993","unstructured":"15. Sammarco G.J., Brainard B.J., Sammarco V.J.: Bunion correction using proximal Chevron osteotomy. Foot Ankle, 14: 8\u201314, 1993.","journal-title":"Bunion correction using proximal Chevron osteotomy"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_1","first-page":"13","volume":"74","author":"Schuberth J.M.","year":"1984","unstructured":"16. Schuberth J.M., Reilly C.H., Gudas C.J.: The closing wedge osteotomy: a critical analysis of first metatarsal elevation. J. Am. 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