{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T20:24:27Z","timestamp":1793132667144,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,10]],"date-time":"2009-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1249862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Assessment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Depressive rumination, as assessed by Nolen-Hoeksema\u2019s Response Styles Questionnaire (RSQ), predicts the onset, chronicity, and duration of depressed mood. However, some RSQ items contain depressive content and result in a heterogeneous factor structure. After the a priori elimination of items potentially confounded with depressed item content, Treynor, Gonzalez, and Nolen-Hoeksema identified two factors within the remaining RSQ rumination sub-scale that were differentially related to depression: brooding and pondering. However, Treynor et al. used a nonstandard form and administration of the RSQ. The present study sought to address these methodological idiosyncrasies and replicate the factor structure of Treynor et al. through exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Findings support the brooding and pondering solution and demonstrate that brooding relates more strongly to depression and anxiety than does pondering.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191109340388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,10]],"date-time":"2009-08-10T21:28:19Z","timestamp":1249939699000},"page":"315-327","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Brooding and Pondering"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Michael F.","family":"Armey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kent State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Fresco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kent State University,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael T.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kent State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas S.","family":"Mennin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia L.","family":"Turk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washburn University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard G.","family":"Heimberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Temple University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jelena","family":"Kecmanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Argosy University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren B.","family":"Alloy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Temple University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/0889-8391.13.3.227"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.109.3.403"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.115.1.145"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(98)00157-0"},{"key":"atypb5","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association.","year":"1994","edition":"4"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026430900363"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:COTR.0000045562.17228.29"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(99)00015-4"},{"key":"atypb9","volume-title":"Cognitive therapy of depression","author":"Beck, A.T.","year":"1979"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699939108411021"},{"key":"atypb11","volume-title":"EQS (Version 6.1) [Computer software]","author":"Bentler, P.M.","year":"2004"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118619179"},{"key":"atypb13","unstructured":"Borkovec, T.D., Alcaine, O. & Behar, E. 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