{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T05:36:36Z","timestamp":1777440996081,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]],"date-time":"2019-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554163200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Assessment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is often used to evaluate attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptom ratings by parents and teachers. An ADHD-inattention (IN), ADHD-hyperactivity\/impulsivity (HI), and ODD three-factor model is usually the best model. Acceptable CFA models, however, can hide symptoms with poor convergent and discriminant validity. To demonstrate this issue, CFA models (i.e., cross-loadings set to zero) along with exploratory CFA models (i.e., cross-loadings allowed) were applied to parent ( n = 308) and teacher ( n = 258) ratings of ADHD\/ODD symptoms with Spanish preschool children ( M\n                    <jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 4.78, SD = .84, 56% boys). While the three-factor CFA model provided an acceptable-fit with moderate to substantial symptom-factor loadings, the three-factor exploratory CFA model, however, found a large number of the symptoms failed to show convergent and discriminant validity. These outcomes argue for the use of exploratory CFA procedures in the initial evaluation of ADHD\/ODD rating scales.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191119839140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,3]],"date-time":"2019-04-03T02:44:41Z","timestamp":1554259481000},"page":"1748-1757","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Structure of ADHD\/ODD Symptoms in Spanish Preschool Children: Dangers of Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Evaluation of Rating Scales"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Jonatan","family":"Molina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University, Elche, Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mateu","family":"Servera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G. Leonard","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1073191119839140","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1980","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr2-1073191119839140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/abn000011"},{"key":"bibr3-1073191119839140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510903008204"},{"key":"bibr4-1073191119839140","volume-title":"Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A clinical workbook","author":"Barkley R. 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