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This study examined whether we can maintain diagnostic accuracy using fewer posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) assessment questions. Our study included 1,265 U.S. veterans of the Afghanistan and Iraq conflicts who were assessed for PTSD using the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (SCID-5). We used random forests to assess the importance of each diagnostic item in predicting a SCID-5 PTSD diagnosis. We used variable importance to rank each item and removed the lowest ranking items while maintaining \u226590% accuracy (i.e., efficiency), sensitivity, and other metrics. We eliminated six diagnostic items among the overall sample, four items among male veterans, and six items among female veterans. Our findings demonstrate that we may shorten the SCID-5 PTSD module while maintaining excellent diagnostic performance. These findings have implications for potentially reducing patient and provider burden of PTSD diagnostic assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191120947797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,7]],"date-time":"2020-08-07T05:35:46Z","timestamp":1596778546000},"page":"1971-1982","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Toward Reduced Burden in Evidence-Based Assessment of PTSD: A Machine Learning Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6887-5706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tammy","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunny","family":"Dutra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"William James College, Newton, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony J.","family":"Rosellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabrielle M.","family":"Gauthier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terence M.","family":"Keane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaimie L.","family":"Gradus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian P.","family":"Marx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"bibr1-1073191120947797","first-page":"e758","volume":"62","author":"Ahmad F.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Canadian Family Physician"},{"key":"bibr2-1073191120947797","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beidas R. 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