{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T22:18:02Z","timestamp":1790720282419,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]],"date-time":"2020-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608163200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Assessment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The Five-Factor Obsessive\u2013Compulsive Inventory (FFOCI) is a recently developed measure of obsessive\u2013compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) based on an established dimensional model of general personality, the five-factor model. The present study aimed to evaluate the construct validity of the FFOCI by examining its associations with both traditional and dimensional diagnostic models of OCPD. This study used an archival data set of mental health patients that employed a multimethod design. A total of 214 individuals (and their nominated informants) completed various personality inventories indexing the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders\u2013Fifth edition traditional and Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD) diagnostic criteria for OCPD, as well as other individual AMPD personality traits deemed conceptually relevant to the FFOCI. The results were generally quite supportive of construct validity. They showed that FFOCI scale scores converged with traditional measures of OCPD and AMPD\u2013OCPD traits and impairment in a conceptually expected manner, with a few exceptions. Overall, it was clear from these findings that the FFOCI takes a broader and more comprehensive approach to the assessment of obsessive\u2013compulsive than traditional Diagnostic and Statistical Manual and AMPD operationalizations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191120976860","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]],"date-time":"2020-12-18T02:05:13Z","timestamp":1608257113000},"page":"1147-1158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Validation of the Five-Factor Obsessive\u2013Compulsive Inventory in a Mental Health Sample"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Miro","family":"Hall-Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand"},{"name":"University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Liggett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia"},{"name":"Private psychology practice"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2883-6163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Sellbom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1073191120976860","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1980","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr2-1073191120976860","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"bibr3-1073191120976860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson J., Snider S., Sellbom M., Krueger R., Hopwood C. (2014). A comparison of the DSM-5 Section II and Section III personality disorder structure. Psychiatry Research, 216(3), 363-372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.01.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.01.007"},{"key":"bibr4-1073191120976860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson J. L., Sellbom M., Salekin R. T. (2018), Utility of the Personality Inventory for\n                      DSM-5\n                      \u2013Brief Form (PID-5-BF) in the measurement of maladaptive personality and psychopathology. Assessment, 25(5), 596-607. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1073191116676889","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191116676889"},{"key":"bibr5-1073191120976860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Armstrong R. A. (2014). When to use the Bonferroni correction. Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics, 34(5), 502-508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/opo.12131","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12131"},{"key":"bibr6-1073191120976860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ashton M. C., Lee K. (2008). The prediction of Honesty-Humility-related criteria by the HEXACO and Five-Factor Models of personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 42(5), 1216-1228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jrp.2008.03.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2008.03.006"},{"key":"bibr7-1073191120976860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bach B., Christensen S., Kongerslev M. T., Sellbom M., Simonsen E. (2020). Structure of clinician-reported ICD-11 personality disorder trait qualifiers. Psychological Assessment, 32(1), 50-59. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/pas0000747","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000747"},{"key":"bibr8-1073191120976860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bach B., Sellbom M., Kongerslev M., Simonsen E., Krueger R. F., Mudler R. (2017). Deriving ICD-11 personality disorder domains from dsm-5 traits: Initial attempt to harmonize two diagnostic systems. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 136(1), 108-117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acps.12748","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12748"},{"key":"bibr9-1073191120976860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bagby M. R., Widiger T. A. (2018). Five-Factor Model Personality Disorder scales: An introduction to a special section on assessment of maladaptive variants of the five-factor model. Psychological Assessment, 30(1), 1-9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/pas0000523","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000523"},{"key":"bibr10-1073191120976860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bastiaens T., Smits D., De Hert M., Vanwalleghem D., Claes L. (2016). DSM-5 Section III personality traits and Section II personality disorders in a Flemish community sample. Psychiatry Research, 238(April), 290-298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.02.056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.02.056"},{"key":"bibr11-1073191120976860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costa P. T., McCrae R. R. (1992). Normal personality assessment in clinical practice: The NEO Personality Inventory. Psychological Assessment, 4(1), 5-13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1040-3590.4.1.5","DOI":"10.1037\/\/1040-3590.4.1.5"},{"key":"bibr12-1073191120976860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crego C., Samuel D. B., Widiger T. A. (2015). The FFOCI and other measures and models of OCPD. Assessment, 22(2), 135-151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1073191114539382","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191114539382"},{"key":"bibr13-1073191120976860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crego C., Sleep C. E., Widiger T. A. (2016). Clinicians\u2019 judgments of the clinical utility of personality disorder trait descriptions. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 204(1), 49-56. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000424","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000424"},{"key":"bibr14-1073191120976860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Reus R., Emmelkamp P. (2010). Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder: A review of current empirical findings. Personality and Mental Health, 6(1), 1-21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pmh.144","DOI":"10.1002\/pmh.144"},{"key":"bibr15-1073191120976860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diaconu G., Turecki G. (2009). Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and suicidal behavior: Evidence for a positive association in a sample of depressed patients. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 70(11), 1551-1556. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4088\/JCP.08m04636","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.08m04636"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr16-1073191120976860","first-page":"193","volume":"20","author":"Fernandez-Montalvo J.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psicothema"},{"key":"bibr17-1073191120976860","volume-title":"Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II)","author":"First M. B.","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr18-1073191120976860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fossati A., Krueger R. F., Markon K. E., Borroni S., Maffei C. (2013). Reliability and validity of the Personality Inventory for\n                      DSM-5\n                      (PID-5): Predicting\n                      DSM-IV\n                      personality disorders and psychopathy in community-dwelling Italian adults. Assessment, 20(6), 689-708. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1073191113504984","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191113504984"},{"key":"bibr19-1073191120976860","volume-title":"Character and anal eroticism","author":"Freud S.","year":"1908"},{"key":"bibr20-1073191120976860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grant B. F., Stinson F. S., Dawson D. A., Chou S. P., Dufour M. C., Compton W., Pickering R. P., Kaplan K. (2004). Prevalence and co-occurrence of substance use disorders and independent mood and anxiety disorders: Results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61(8), 807-816. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archpsyc.61.8.807","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.8.807"},{"key":"bibr21-1073191120976860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Griffin S. A., Suzuki T., Lynam D. R., Crego C., Widiger T. A., Miller J. D., Samuel D. B. (2018). Development and examination of the Five-Factor Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Short Form. Assessment, 25(1), 56-68. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1073191116643818","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191116643818"},{"key":"bibr22-1073191120976860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haigler E. D., Widiger T. A. (2001). Experimental manipulation of NEO-PI-R Items. Journal of Personality Assessment, 77(2), 339-358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/S15327752JPA7702_14","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327752JPA7702_14"},{"key":"bibr23-1073191120976860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hopwood C. J., Thomas K. M., Markon K. E., Wright A. G., Kruger R. F. (2012). DSM-5 personality traits and DSM-IV personality disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121(2), 424-432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0026656","DOI":"10.1037\/a0026656"},{"key":"bibr24-1073191120976860","volume-title":"Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire","author":"Hyler S. E.","year":"1994","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr25-1073191120976860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klonsky E. D., Oltmanns T. F. (2002). Informant-reports of personality disorder: Relation to self-reports and future research directions. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 9(3), 300-311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/clipsy\/9.3.300","DOI":"10.1093\/clipsy.9.3.300"},{"key":"bibr26-1073191120976860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klosowski M., Cieciuch J., Strus W. (2019). The Polish Adaption of the Five-Factor Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory\u2013Short Form (FFOCI-SF): A preliminary study. Health Psychology Report, 7(2), 165-175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/hpr.2019.84214","DOI":"10.5114\/hpr.2019.84214"},{"key":"bibr27-1073191120976860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krueger R. F., Derringer J., Markon K. E., Skodol A. E. (2012). Initial construction of a maladaptive personality trait model and inventory for DSM-5. Psychological Medicine, 42(9), 1879-1890. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291711002674","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291711002674"},{"key":"bibr28-1073191120976860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lazare A., Klerman G. L., Armor D. J. (1970). Oral, obsessive and hysterical personality patterns. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 7(4), 275-290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0022-3956(70)90021-X","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(70)90021-X"},{"key":"bibr29-1073191120976860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liggett J., Sellbom M. (2018). Examining the\n                      DSM-5\n                      alternative model of personality disorders operationalization of obsessive\u2013compulsive personality disorder in a mental health sample. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 9(5), 397-407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/per0000285","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000285"},{"key":"bibr30-1073191120976860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liggett J., Sellbom M., Carmichael K. L. C. (2017). Examining the\n                      DSM-5\n                      Section III criteria for obsessive-compulsive personality disorder in a community sample. Journal of Personality Disorders, 31(6), 780-809. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1521\/pedi_2017_31_281","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi_2017_31_281"},{"key":"bibr31-1073191120976860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maples J. L., Nathan C. T., Lauren F. R., Crego C., Gore W., Samuel D. B., Williamson R. L., Lynam D. R., Widiger T. A., Markon K. E., Kreuger R. F., Miller J. D. (2015). Testing whether the\n                      DSM-5\n                      personality disorder trait model can be measured with a reduced set of items: An items response theory investigation of the Personality Inventory for\n                      DSM-5\n                      . Psychological Assessment, 27(4), 1195-1210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/pas0000120","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000120"},{"key":"bibr32-1073191120976860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Markon K. E., Quilty L. C., Bagby R. M., Krueger R. F. (2013). The development and psychometric properties of an informant-report form of the Personality Inventory for\n                      DSM-5\n                      (PID-5). Assessment, 20(3), 370-383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1073191113486513","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191113486513"},{"key":"bibr33-1073191120976860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCrae R. R., Costa P. T.Jr. (2008). Empirical and theoretical status of the Five-Factor Model of personality traits. In Boyle G. J., Matthews G., Saklofske D. H. (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of personality theory and assessment: Personality theories and models (Vol. 1., pp. 273-294). Sage. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4135\/9781849200462.n13","DOI":"10.4135\/9781849200462.n13"},{"key":"bibr34-1073191120976860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rossi A., Marinangeli M. G., Butti G., Kalyvoka A., Petruzzi C. (2000). Pattern of comorbidity among anxious and odd personality disorders: The case of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. CNS Spectrums, 5(9), 23-26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1092852900021623","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852900021623"},{"key":"bibr35-1073191120976860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Samuel D. B., Costa P. T. (2012). Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. In Widiger T.A. (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Personality Disorders (pp. 566-581). Oxford University Press. https\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199735013.013.0026","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199735013.013.0026"},{"key":"bibr36-1073191120976860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Samuel D. B., Riddell A. D. B., Lynam D. R., Miller J. D., Widiger T. A. (2012). A five-factor measure of obsessive\u2013compulsive personality traits. Journal of Personality Assessment, 94(5), 456-465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00223891.2012.677885","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2012.677885"},{"key":"bibr37-1073191120976860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Samuel D. B., Widiger T. A. (2008). A meta-analytic review of the relationships between the five-factor model and the\n                      DSM-IV-TR\n                      personality disorders: A facet level analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 28(8), 1326-1342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2008.07.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2008.07.002"},{"key":"bibr38-1073191120976860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Samuel D. B., Widiger T. A. (2010). A comparison of obessive-compulsive personality disorder scales. Journal of Personality Assessment, 92, 232-240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00223891003670182","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891003670182"},{"key":"bibr39-1073191120976860","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0021216"},{"key":"bibr40-1073191120976860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sellbom M., Solomon-Krakus S., bach B., Bagby R. M. (2020). Validation of Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) algorithms to assess ICD-11 personality trait domains in a psychiatric sample. Psychological Assessment, 32(1), 40-49. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/pas0000746","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000746"},{"key":"bibr41-1073191120976860","volume-title":"Essential papers on obsessive-compulsive disorder","author":"Stein D. J.","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr42-1073191120976860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trull T. J., Jahng S., Tomko R. L., Wood P. K., Sher K. J. (2010). Revised NESARC personality disorder diagnoses: Gender, prevalence, and comorbidity with substance dependence disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 24(4), 412-426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1521\/pedi.2010.24.4.412","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2010.24.4.412"},{"key":"bibr43-1073191120976860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trull T. J., Widiger T. A. (2013). Dimensional models of personality: The five-factor model and the DSM-5. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 15(2), 135-146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31887\/DCNS.2013.15.2\/ttrull","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2013.15.2\/ttrull"},{"key":"bibr44-1073191120976860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tyrer P., Reed G., Crawford M. J. (2015). Classification, assessment, prevalence, and effect of personality disorder. Lancet, 385(9969), 717-726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61995-4","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61995-4"},{"key":"bibr45-1073191120976860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Volkert J., Gablonski T. C., Rabung S. (2018). Prevalence of personality disorders in the general adult population in Western countries: Systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 213(6), 709-715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.2018.202","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2018.202"},{"key":"bibr46-1073191120976860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Watters C. A., Bagby R. M., Selbom M. (2019). Meta-analysis to derive an empirically based set of personality facet criteria for the alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorders. Personality disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 10(2), 97-104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/per0000307","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000307"},{"key":"bibr47-1073191120976860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Widiger T. A., Lynam D. R., Miller J. D., Oltmanns T. F. (2012). Measures to assess maladaptive variants of the five-factor model. Journal of Personality Assessment, 94(5), 450-455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00223891.2012.677887","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2012.677887"},{"key":"bibr48-1073191120976860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Widiger T. A., Trull T. J. (2007). Plate tectonics in the classification of personality disorder: Shifting to a dimensional model. American Psychologist Journal, 62(2), 71-83. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0003-066X.62.2.71","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.62.2.71"},{"key":"bibr49-1073191120976860","volume-title":"International Classification of Diseases for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2018"}],"container-title":["Assessment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1073191120976860","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1073191120976860","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1073191120976860","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:11:01Z","timestamp":1777378261000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1073191120976860"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1073191120976860"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1073191120976860","relation":{},"ISSN":["1073-1911","1552-3489"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1073-1911","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-3489","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]]}}}