{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T09:01:46Z","timestamp":1791622906770,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638835200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Assessment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study examined the effectiveness of the negative distortion measures from the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) and Inventory of Problems-29 (IOP-29), by investigating data from a community and a forensic sample, across three different symptom presentations (i.e., feigned depression, posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD], and schizophrenia). The final sample consisted of 513 community-based individuals and 288 inmates (total N = 801); all were administered the PAI and the IOP-29 in an honest or feigning conditions. Statistical analyses compared the average scores of each measure by symptom presentation and data source (i.e., community vs. forensic sample) and evaluated diagnostic efficiency statistics. Results suggest that the PAI Negative Impression Management scale and the IOP-29 are the most effective measures across all symptom presentations, whereas the PAI Malingering Index and Rogers Discriminant Function generated less optimal results, especially when considering feigned PTSD. Practical implications are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10731911211061282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T04:17:19Z","timestamp":1638850639000},"page":"565-579","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Detection of Feigning of Different Symptom Presentations With the PAI and IOP-29"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Claudia","family":"Pignolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9540-4803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciano","family":"Giromini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Ales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Zennaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10731911211061282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14999013.2021.1906798"},{"key":"bibr2-10731911211061282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.18.4.415"},{"key":"bibr3-10731911211061282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.1.1.16"},{"key":"bibr4-10731911211061282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12207-021-09403-3"},{"key":"bibr5-10731911211061282","first-page":"42","volume":"1","author":"Duellman R. M.","year":"2004","journal-title":"International Journal of Forensic Psychology"},{"key":"bibr6-10731911211061282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-005-9006-5"},{"key":"bibr7-10731911211061282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bsl.457"},{"key":"bibr8-10731911211061282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00223890709336832"},{"key":"bibr9-10731911211061282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191112458146"},{"key":"bibr10-10731911211061282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23279095.2019.1570929"},{"key":"bibr11-10731911211061282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12207-019-09357-7"},{"key":"bibr12-10731911211061282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12207-021-09406-0"},{"key":"bibr13-10731911211061282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12207-018-9314-1"},{"key":"bibr14-10731911211061282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2019.1566914"},{"key":"bibr15-10731911211061282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015036"},{"key":"bibr16-10731911211061282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13854040903155063"},{"key":"bibr17-10731911211061282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23279095.2020.1725518"},{"key":"bibr18-10731911211061282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2009.03.004"},{"key":"bibr19-10731911211061282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13854040701494987"},{"key":"bibr20-10731911211061282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0048070"},{"key":"bibr21-10731911211061282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2018-001950"},{"key":"bibr22-10731911211061282","volume-title":"Personality Assessment Inventory: Professional manual","author":"Morey L. C.","year":"1991"},{"key":"bibr23-10731911211061282","volume-title":"An interpretive guide to the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI)","author":"Morey L. C.","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr24-10731911211061282","volume-title":"Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) professional manual","author":"Morey L. C.","year":"2007","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr25-10731911211061282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X02463007"},{"key":"bibr26-10731911211061282","first-page":"97","volume-title":"Forensic psychology: Emerging topics and forensic roles","author":"Morey L. C.","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr27-10731911211061282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.9.1718"},{"key":"bibr28-10731911211061282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000560"},{"key":"bibr29-10731911211061282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pne0000175"},{"key":"bibr30-10731911211061282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(05)70066-6"},{"key":"bibr31-10731911211061282","first-page":"14","volume-title":"Clinical assessment of malingering and deception","author":"Rogers R.","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr32-10731911211061282","first-page":"174","volume-title":"Research methods in forensic psychology","author":"Rogers R.","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr33-10731911211061282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191103010002007"},{"key":"bibr34-10731911211061282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa6703_15"},{"key":"bibr35-10731911211061282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12207-019-09368-4"},{"key":"bibr36-10731911211061282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12207-019-09349-7"},{"key":"bibr37-10731911211061282","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scragg P., Bor R., Mendham M. (2000). Feigning posttraumatic stress disorder on the PAI. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 7, 155\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0879(200005)7:2<155:AID-CPP237>3.0.CO;2-Z","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0879(200005)7:2<155::AID-CPP237>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"bibr38-10731911211061282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acaa019"},{"key":"bibr39-10731911211061282","first-page":"180","volume":"25","author":"Smith G. P.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy on Psychiatry and Law"},{"key":"bibr40-10731911211061282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327752JPA8103_03"},{"key":"bibr41-10731911211061282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12207-011-9111-6"},{"key":"bibr42-10731911211061282","volume-title":"Inventory of Problems\u201329: Professional manual","author":"Viglione D. J.","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr43-10731911211061282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2016.1233882"},{"key":"bibr44-10731911211061282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107319110100800301"},{"key":"bibr45-10731911211061282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000530"},{"key":"bibr46-10731911211061282","volume-title":"SIMS-Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology. Professional manual","author":"Widows M. R.","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr47-10731911211061282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13218719.2020.1767720"},{"key":"bibr48-10731911211061282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12207-015-9232-4"},{"key":"bibr49-10731911211061282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2017.03.001"},{"key":"bibr50-10731911211061282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12207-019-09360-y"},{"key":"bibr51-10731911211061282","volume-title":"Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). Manuale","author":"Zennaro A.","year":"2015"}],"container-title":["Assessment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10731911211061282","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10731911211061282","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10731911211061282","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:12:17Z","timestamp":1777378337000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10731911211061282"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10731911211061282"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10731911211061282","relation":{},"ISSN":["1073-1911","1552-3489"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1073-1911","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-3489","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]}}}