{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T03:53:50Z","timestamp":1792727630203,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]],"date-time":"2022-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645142400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]],"date-time":"2022-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645142400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Assessment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Narcissism is a multifaceted construct commonly conceptualized as comprising grandiose and vulnerable aspects in a two-factor model. While the manifold correlates of these aspects imposed a challenge for research on the structure of narcissism, recent models converge in a three-factor structure of agentic-extraverted, antagonistic, and neurotic aspects, capturing variance in different conceptualizations and correlates of narcissism. We construct and validate a German adaptation of the Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory (FFNI), a measure assessing these aspects based on the Five-Factor Model. In eight samples (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 2,921), we found the German FFNI to align with both, two- and three-factor models. The factors display good criterion validity with other narcissism measures, (non-)clinical personality dimensions, interpersonal styles, and (mal-)adaptive adjustment. Neurotic and antagonistic narcissism discriminated between individuals with\/without mental disorder diagnoses, and displayed a characteristic profile in incarcerated offenders. Since the FFNI is comprehensive but long, we constructed a 30-item brief form (FFNI-BF) optimizing the internal structure and external validity using ant colony optimization. The FFNI-BF displayed good psychometric characteristics and similar, in certain aspects even advantageous criterion validity. We conclude that the German FFNI validly measures key aspects of narcissism, and the FFNI-BF captures these in a concise manner.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10731911221075761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]],"date-time":"2022-02-18T04:54:38Z","timestamp":1645160078000},"page":"969-997","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Validation of the German Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory and Construction of a Brief Form Using Ant Colony Optimization"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3267-1688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuel","family":"Jauk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Germany"},{"name":"Medical University of Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Olaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tilburg University, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Sch\u00fcrch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2186-1558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitja D.","family":"Back","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn C.","family":"Morf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ackerman R. 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