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We examined the psychometric properties of the Chinese versions of the NEO-PI-R and NEO-PI-3 using three datasets ( Ns = 913, 299, 403) collected using both monolingual and bilingual designs. The Chinese NEO-PI-3 scales displayed a five-factor structure in which the facets had the highest loadings on their intended factors. The structure demonstrated strong invariance across both languages (English vs. Chinese) and gender groups, maintained high test-retest reliability, and attained slightly better internal consistency than the NEO-PI-R. We also examined the affective underpinnings of personality factors and well-being measures using the Chinese Circumplex Model of Affect. Consistent with past findings, Neuroticism and Extraversion were most related to affect, while Satisfaction with Life and Subjective Happiness shared the affective core of pleasant feelings and medium arousal. Based on these results, the Chinese NEO-PI-3 appears to be a sound instrument to measure personality in Chinese communities and to compare personality across cultures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10731911221126921","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T06:43:41Z","timestamp":1668581021000},"page":"2031-2049","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Mapping Chinese Personality: An Assessment of the Psychometric Properties of the NEO-PI-3 in Monolingual and Bilingual Studies"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0104-3662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"Yik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Social Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irene N. 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