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The current project describes the development and evaluation of the Disclosure Expectancy Scale (DExS), a novel instrument intended to assess survivors\u2019 expectations about the potential risks and benefits of disclosure. Items targeting both positive and negative expectancies were generated based on existing research and the authors\u2019 clinical experience with various survivor populations. Preliminary analyses in trauma-exposed undergraduates ( N = 359) offer support for hypothesized positive and negative expectancy dimensions with evidence for the convergent and discriminant validity of scores. Subsequent evaluation in active-duty, help-seeking military personnel ( N = 35) provides further evidence of validity based on correlations with relevant clinical measures. A final regression demonstrating unique effects of initial disclosure expectancies on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity following trauma-focused treatment highlights the predictive validity of DExS scores.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10731911221128947","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T06:09:34Z","timestamp":1667369374000},"page":"1969-1984","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development and Validation of the Disclosure Expectancy Scale"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2897-5363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua D.","family":"Clapp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wyoming, Laramie, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matt J.","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wyoming, Laramie, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0479-8887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brett T.","family":"Litz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Boston Healthcare System and Boston University, Jamaica Plain, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ariel J.","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA San Diego Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH), CA, USA"},{"name":"University of California San Diego (UCSD), USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandria F.","family":"Sowers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wyoming, Laramie, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10731911221128947","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6402.2007.00329.x"},{"key":"bibr2-10731911221128947","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr3-10731911221128947","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024478305142"},{"key":"bibr4-10731911221128947","volume-title":"The alcohol use disorders identification test","author":"Babor T. 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