{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T14:42:19Z","timestamp":1782139339003,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711584000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11I1222N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11I1222N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Assessment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>As previous studies have shown that personality disorder (PD) assessment in older adults is often hampered because assessment tools are tailored toward younger adults, establishing the age-neutrality of novel tools is crucial. This study primarily aimed to evaluate the age-neutrality of the Level of Personality Functioning Brief Form (LPFS-BF 2.0) and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Modified + (PID-5-BF+M), using a sample of 254 community-dwelling adults. The analysis of Differential Item Functioning (DIF) demonstrated the age-neutrality of both instruments, with only 8.3% of LPFS-BF 2.0 items and 5.6% of PID-5-BF+M items exhibiting DIF. Differential Test Functioning (DTF) analyses revealed large DTF for the LPFS-BF 2.0 total score, indicating that age-specific norms might be necessary for this score. In summary, this study supports the use of these instruments in both older and younger adults, enhancing the assessment of PDs across the life span.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10731911241240626","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T02:14:53Z","timestamp":1711678493000},"page":"3-13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Age-Neutral Measurement Of Personality Functioning and Maladaptive Personality Traits"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5368-8353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. F.","family":"Facon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. P. J.","family":"van Alphen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium"},{"name":"Topclinical Center for Older Adults with Personality Disorders, Mondriaan, Heerlen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Dierckx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium"},{"name":"Alexianen Zorggroep Tienen, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6803-9820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10731911241240626","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr2-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"bibr3-10731911241240626","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Personality Inventory for DSM-5\u2013Brief Form (PID-5-BF)\u2013Adult"},{"key":"bibr4-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035063"},{"key":"bibr5-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164414534258"},{"key":"bibr6-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2018.1428984"},{"key":"bibr7-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000507589"},{"key":"bibr8-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pra.0000460618.02805.ef"},{"key":"bibr9-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12748"},{"key":"bibr10-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000527"},{"key":"bibr11-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.22.1.171"},{"key":"bibr12-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/10769986024004323"},{"key":"bibr13-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1127488"},{"key":"bibr14-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000626"},{"key":"bibr15-10731911241240626","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"2009","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr16-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191118754706"},{"key":"bibr17-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07317115.2014.885917"},{"key":"bibr18-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2020.109956"},{"key":"bibr19-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9780857020994.n8"},{"key":"bibr20-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36613\/tgg.1875-6832\/2023.01.02"},{"key":"bibr21-10731911241240626","volume-title":"Structured clinical interview for DSM- IV axis II personality disorders","author":"First M. B.","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr22-10731911241240626","volume-title":"SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference. 11.0 update","author":"George D.","year":"2003","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr23-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2018.1468412"},{"key":"bibr24-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.03.025"},{"key":"bibr25-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000341"},{"key":"bibr26-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291711002674"},{"key":"bibr27-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2532838"},{"key":"bibr28-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2158244014545964"},{"key":"bibr29-10731911241240626","first-page":"159","volume-title":"Handbook of personality: Theory and research","author":"McCrae R. R.","year":"2008","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr30-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14616730126485"},{"key":"bibr31-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2013.06.009"},{"key":"bibr32-10731911241240626","first-page":"135","volume-title":"Personality disorders in older adults: Emerging issues in diagnosis and treatment","author":"Mroczek D.","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr33-10731911241240626","unstructured":"NIH National Institute on Aging (NIA) (2022, April 18). Sexuality and intimacy in older adults. Retrieved March 22, 2024, from https:\/\/www.nia.nih.gov\/health\/sexuality\/sexuality-and-intimacy-older-adults"},{"key":"bibr34-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-020-1133-x"},{"key":"bibr35-10731911241240626","volume-title":"Differential item functioning analysis system 5.0: User\u2019s manual","author":"Penfield R. D.","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr36-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-3984.2006.00018.x"},{"key":"bibr37-10731911241240626","first-page":"125","volume-title":"Handbook of statistics: Psychometrics","author":"Penfield R. D.","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr38-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-3992.2000.tb00033.x"},{"key":"bibr39-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S104161021400180X"},{"key":"bibr40-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-021-02870-w"},{"key":"bibr41-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/42.1.44"},{"key":"bibr42-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.132.1.1"},{"key":"bibr43-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2022.2068134"},{"key":"bibr44-10731911241240626","volume-title":"Personality disorders and older adults: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment","author":"Segal D. L.","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr45-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09658210701754351"},{"key":"bibr46-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17439760802303127"},{"key":"bibr47-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000413"},{"key":"bibr48-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/PCC.v03n0402"},{"key":"bibr49-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.20.3.493"},{"key":"bibr50-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191112457589"},{"key":"bibr51-10731911241240626","author":"United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division","year":"2019","journal-title":"World population ageing 2019: Highlights"},{"key":"bibr52-10731911241240626","volume-title":"Handboek persoonlijkheidsstoornissen bij ouderen","author":"van Alphen B.","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr53-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610212001597"},{"key":"bibr54-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08919887231175431"},{"key":"bibr55-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07317115.2022.2102457"},{"key":"bibr56-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-014-0538-9"},{"key":"bibr57-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.01064"},{"key":"bibr58-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-013-9364-3"},{"key":"bibr59-10731911241240626","volume-title":"Nederlandstalige bewerking van the DSM-5 persoonlijkheidsvragenlijst","author":"van der Heijden P.","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr60-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.20.1.23"},{"key":"bibr61-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.23.2.435"},{"key":"bibr62-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2019.1705464"},{"key":"bibr63-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmh.1434"},{"key":"bibr64-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmh.1570"},{"key":"bibr65-10731911241240626","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2019). International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (11th ed.). https:\/\/icd.who.int\/"},{"key":"bibr66-10731911241240626","volume-title":"A handbook on the theory and methods of differential item functioning (DIF): Logistic regression modeling as a unitary framework for binary and likert-type (ordinal) item scores","author":"Zumbo B. D.","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr67-10731911241240626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15324818ame1004_2"}],"container-title":["Assessment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10731911241240626","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10731911241240626","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10731911241240626","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:13:08Z","timestamp":1777378388000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10731911241240626"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10731911241240626"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10731911241240626","relation":{},"ISSN":["1073-1911","1552-3489"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1073-1911","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-3489","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]]}}}