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The present study developed the Contingency Response Rating Scale (CRRS) to fulfill the need for a reliable and valid measure of children\u2019s contingency response style that is brief, easy to use in applied settings, and provides additional information to existing clinical measures. We examined the psychometric properties of the CRRS in a sample of 196 children (ages 5\u201312), most of whom were referred to evaluate attention and behavior problems in an outpatient clinic. Using principal axis factoring, we identified five factors: (a) punishment ineffectiveness, (b) reward ineffectiveness, (c) punishment dysregulation, (d) reward dysregulation, and (e) contingency insensitivity. The subscales based on these factors showed acceptable test\u2013retest and internal consistency reliability, and scale intercorrelations varied from low to moderate. The subscales also captured significant variance not explained by child or parent demographics and were associated with measures of psychopathology and impairment. The results provide preliminary evidence that the CRRS may be a helpful tool for assessing reward and punishment sensitivity in children with attention and behavior problems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10731911241256536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T08:15:27Z","timestamp":1718266527000},"page":"561-576","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Measuring Children\u2019s Reward and Punishment Sensitivity: An Initial Psychometric Evaluation of the Contingency Response Rating Scale"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8115-1286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Waschbusch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1153-1803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa T.","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Rochester, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delshad M.","family":"Shroff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pevitr S.","family":"Bansal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael T.","family":"Willoughby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","author":"American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, & National Council on Measurement in Education","year":"2014","unstructured":"American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, & National Council on Measurement in Education. 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