{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T08:02:24Z","timestamp":1780992144348,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780790400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Assessment"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Perspective-taking refers to one\u2019s ability to infer one\u2019s own and others\u2019 mental states. The existing perspective-taking tasks mainly focus on healthy individuals and overlook the potential confounding effect of prompt type. The current study developed a perspective-taking task for social anxiety research by including both ambiguous and unambiguous prompts and a social context. Analysing two community samples with either ambiguous (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 69) or unambiguous (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 89) prompts found that both prompts cued self-perspective-taking and other perspective-taking as required. However, while unambiguous prompts cue perspective switching, the ambiguous prompts failed to do so. Thirty-two participants of the two samples completed the tasks with both prompt types and showed no differences in perspective-taking. Findings suggest that the newly developed task measures self-perspective-taking and other perspective-taking as prompted, regardless of prompt type. Furthermore, the unambiguous prompts may be more sensitive and appropriate for measuring perspective switching and offer greater applicability in neural research.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10731911261451789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T07:23:02Z","timestamp":1780816982000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Developing a Perspective-Taking Task for Social Anxiety"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9712-5517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maika","family":"Kumada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4870-750X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junwen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aival-Naveh E. Rothschild-Yakar L. Kurman J. (2019). Keeping culture in mind: A systematic review and initial conceptualization of mentalizing from a cross-cultural perspective. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice 26(4) Article e12300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cpsp.12300","DOI":"10.1111\/cpsp.12300"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bailey P. E. Henry J. D. (2008). Growing less empathic with age: Disinhibition of the self-perspective. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 63(4) 219\u2013226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geronb\/63.4.P219","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/63.4.P219"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ballesp\u00ed S. Vives J. Sharp C. Tobar A. Barrantes-Vidal N. (2019). Hypermentalizing in social anxiety: Evidence for a context-dependent relationship. Frontiers in Psychology 10 Article 1501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.01501","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.01501"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/014466506X123011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beres A. M. (2017). Time is of the essence: A review of electroencephalography (EEG) and event-related brain potentials (ERPs) in language research. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback 42(4) 247\u2013255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10484-017-9371-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10484-017-9371-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bradford E. E. Gomez J. C. Jentzsch I. (2019). Exploring the role of self\/other perspective-shifting in theory of mind with behavioural and EEG measures. Social Neuroscience 14(5) 530\u2013544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17470919.2018.1514324","DOI":"10.1080\/17470919.2018.1514324"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bradford E. E. Jentzsch I. Gomez J. C. (2015). From self to social cognition: Theory of mind mechanisms and their relation to executive functioning. Cognition 138 21\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cognition.2015.02.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2015.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burklund L. J. Torre J. B. Lieberman M. D. Taylor S. E. Craske M. G. (2017). Neural responses to social threat and predictors of cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy in social anxiety disorder. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging 261 52\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2016.12.012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2016.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2017.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen J. Short M. Kemps E. (2020). Interpretation bias in social anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders 276 1119\u20131130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2020.07.121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.07.121"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chopik W. J. O\u2019Brien E. Konrath S. H. (2016). Differences inempathic concern and perspective taking across 63 countries. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 48(1) 23\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0022022116673910","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022116673910"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","first-page":"405","volume-title":"International handbook of social anxiety: Concepts, research and interventions relating to the self and shyness","author":"Clark D. M.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Clark D. M. (2001). A cognitive perspective on social phobia. In Crozier W. R., Alden L. E. (Eds.), International handbook of social anxiety: Concepts, research and interventions relating to the self and shyness (pp. 405\u2013430). John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coles M. E. Turk C. L. Heimberg R. G. Fresco D. M. (2001). Effects of varying levels of anxiety within social situations: Relationship to memory perspective and attributions in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy 39(6) 651\u2013665. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0005-7967(00)00035-8","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(00)00035-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Connor K. M. Davidson J. R. Churchill L. E. Sherwood A. Weisler R. H. Foa E. (2000). Psychometric properties of the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN): New self-rating scale. The British Journal of Psychiatry 176(4) 379\u2013386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.176.4.379","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.176.4.379"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Conway J. R. Catmur C. Bird G. (2019). Understanding individual differences in theory of mind via representation of minds not mental states. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 26 798\u2013812. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13423-018-1559-x","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-018-1559-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corradi-Dell\u2019Acqua C. Ueno K. Ogawa A. Cheng K. Rumiati R. I. Iriki A. (2008). Effects of shifting perspective of the self: An fMRI study. NeuroImage 40(4) 1902\u20131911. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.12.062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.12.062"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Argembeau A. Ruby P. Collette F. Degueldre C. Balteau E. Luxen A. Maquet P. Salmon E. (2007). Distinct regions of the medial prefrontal cortex are associated with self-referential processing and perspective taking. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 19(6) 935\u2013944. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/jocn.2007.19.6.935","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2007.19.6.935"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"David N. Newen A. Vogeley K. (2008). The \u201csense of agency\u201d and its underlying cognitive and neural mechanisms. Consciousness and Cognition 17(2) 523\u2013534. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.concog.2008.03.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2008.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de B\u00e9zenac C. E. Swindells R. A. Corcoran R. (2018). The necessity of ambiguity in self\u2013other processing: A psychosocial perspective with implications for mental health. Frontiers in Psychology 9 Article 2114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.02114","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.02114"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eddy C. M. (2019). What do you have in mind? Measures to assess mental state reasoning in neuropsychiatric populations. Frontiers in Psychiatry 10 Article 425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00425","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00425"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Finlayson-Short L. Harrison B. J. Davey C. (2021). Self-other referential neural processing in social anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder. Neuroimage: Clinical 30 Article 102669. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nicl.2021.102669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2021.102669"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Forster S. D. Drueke B. Britz S. Gauggel S. Mainz V. (2019). How females think about themselves and how they assume that significant others think about them: The influence of perspective taking on self-referential processing. PLOS ONE 14(5) Article e0217870. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0217870","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0217870"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gates J. A. McNair M. L. Richards J. K. Lerner M. D. (2023). Social knowledge & performance in autism: A critical review & recommendations. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review 26(3) 665\u2013689. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10567-023-00449-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-023-00449-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","volume-title":"The senses considered as perceptual systems","author":"Gibson J. J.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Gibson J. J. (1966). The senses considered as perceptual systems. Houghton Mifflin."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gunia A. Moraresku S. Jan\u010da R. Je\u017ed\u00edk P. Kalina A. Hammer J. Marusi\u010d P. Vl\u010dek K. (2024). The brain dynamics of visuospatial perspective-taking captured by intracranial EEG. NeuroImage 285 Article 120487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2023.120487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2023.120487"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gunia A. Moraresku S. Vl\u010dek K. (2021). Brain mechanisms of visuospatial perspective-taking in relation to object mental rotation and the theory of mind. Behavioural Brain Research 407 Article 113247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2021.113247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2021.113247"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hackmann A. Surawy C. Clark D. M. (1998). Seeing yourself through others\u2019 eyes: A study of spontaneously occurring images in social phobia. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 26(1) 3\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1352465898000022","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465898000022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hall H. K. Millear P. M. Summers M. J. Isbel B. (2021). Longitudinal research on perspective taking in adolescence: A systematic review. Adolescent Research Review 6(2) 125\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40894-021-00150-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s40894-021-00150-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heimberg R. G. Brozovich F. A. Rapee R. M. (2014). A cognitive-behavioral model of social anxiety disorder. In Hofmann S. G. DiBartolo P. M. (Eds.) Social anxiety (pp. 705\u2013728). Academic Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-394427-6.00024-8","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-394427-6.00024-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heitmann C. Y. Peterburs J. Mothes-Lasch M. Hallfarth M. C. B\u00f6hme S. Miltner W. H. Straube T. (2014). Neural correlates of anticipation and processing of performance feedback in social anxiety. Human Brain Mapping 35(12) 6023\u20136031. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hbm.22602","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22602"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Henry J. D. Phillips L. H. Ruffman T. Bailey P. E. (2013). A meta-analytic review of age differences in theory of mind. Psychology and Aging 28(3) 826\u2013839. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0030677","DOI":"10.1037\/a0030677"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_1","unstructured":"Hiatt L. M. Trafton J. G. (2010 August). A cognitive model of theory of mind. In Proceedings of the 10th international conference on cognitive modeling (pp. 91\u201396). https:\/\/iccm-conference.neocities.org\/2010\/proceedings\/papers\/Hiatt.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hignett E. Cartwright-Hatton S. (2008). Observer perspective in adolescence: The relationship with social anxiety and age. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 36(4) 437\u2013447. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1352465808004554","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465808004554"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hollarek M. Lee N. C. (2022). Current understanding of developmental changes in adolescent perspective taking. Current Opinion in Psychology 45 Article 101308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.copsyc.2022.101308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2022.101308"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holt R. J. Graham J. M. Whitaker K. J. Hagan C. C. Ooi C. Wilkinson P. O. van Nieuwenhuizen A. O. Lennox B. R. Sahakian B. J. Goodyer I. M. Bullmore E. T. Suckling J. (2016). Functional MRI of emotional memory in adolescent depression. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience 19 31\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dcn.2015.12.013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2015.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ibanez A. Huepe D. Gempp R. Guti\u00e9rrez V. Rivera-Rei A. Toledo M. I. (2013). Empathy sex and fluid intelligence as predictors of theory of mind. Personality and Individual Differences 54(5) 616\u2013621. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2012.11.022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2012.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J\u00e4\u00e4skel\u00e4inen I. P. Kosonogov V. (2023). Perspective taking in the human brain: Complementary evidence from neuroimaging studies with media-based naturalistic stimuli and artificial controlled paradigms. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 17 Article 1051934. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2023.1051934","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2023.1051934"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeannerod M. (2009). The sense of agency and its disturbances in schizophrenia: A reappraisal. Experimental Brain Research 192(3) 527\u2013532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00221-008-1533-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-008-1533-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kessler H. Taubner S. Buchheim A. M\u00fcnte T. F. Stasch M. K\u00e4chele H. Roth G. Heinecke A. Erhard P. Cierpka M. Wiswede D. Wiswede D. (2011). Individualized and clinically derived stimuli activate limbic structures in depression: An fMRI study. PLOS ONE 6(1) Article e15712. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0015712","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015712"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kessler K. Cao L. O\u2019Shea K. J. Wang H. (2014). A cross-culture cross-gender comparison of perspective taking mechanisms. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281(1785) Article 20140388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.2014.0388","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2014.0388"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Komulainen E. Heikkil\u00e4 R. Nummenmaa L. Raij T. T. Harmer C. J. Isomets\u00e4 E. Ekelund J. (2018). Short-term escitalopram treatment normalizes aberrant self-referential processing in major depressive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders 236 222\u2013229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2018.04.096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.04.096"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuckertz J. M. Strege M. V. Amir N. (2016). Intolerance for approach of ambiguity in social anxiety disorder. Cognition and Emotion 31(4) 747\u2013754. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02699931.2016.1145105","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2016.1145105"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kupferberg A. Hasler G. (2023). The social cost of depression: Investigating the impact of impaired social emotion regulation social cognition and interpersonal behavior on social functioning. Journal of Affective Disorders Reports 14 Article 100631. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jadr.2023.100631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadr.2023.100631"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lacombe C. Simoneau K. Elalouf K. Collin C. (2023). The impact of social anxiety disorder on emotional expression recognition: A meta-analysis. Cognitive Therapy and Research 47(5) 732\u2013751. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10608-023-10376-7","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-023-10376-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lange W. G. Allart E. Keijsers G. P. Rinck M. Becker E. S. (2012). A neutral face is not neutral even if you have not seen it: Social anxiety disorder and affective priming with facial expressions. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy 41(2) 108\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/16506073.2012.666563","DOI":"10.1080\/16506073.2012.666563"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_1","volume-title":"An introduction to the event-related potential technique","author":"Luck S. J.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Luck S. J. (2014). An introduction to the event-related potential technique. MIT Press."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_50_1","first-page":"101","article-title":"Socio-cultural differences and intercultural communication in social participation experiences","volume":"21","author":"Mato D.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mato D. (2012). Socio-cultural differences and intercultural communication in social participation experiences. Journal of Intercultural Communication Studies, 21(1), 101\u2013116.","journal-title":"Journal of Intercultural Communication Studies"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mattan B. D. Quinn K. A. Acaster S. L. Jennings R. M. Rotshtein P. (2017). Prioritization of self-relevant perspectives in ageing. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 70(6) 1033\u20131052. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17470218.2015.112739","DOI":"10.1080\/17470218.2015.1127399"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCleery J. P. Surtees A. D. Graham K. A. Richards J. E. Apperly I. A. (2011). The neural and cognitive time course of theory of mind. Journal of Neuroscience 31(36) 12849\u201312854. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1392-11.2011","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1392-11.2011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morrison A. S. Brozovich F. A. Lee I. A. Jazaieri H. Goldin P. R. Heimberg R. G. Gross J. J. (2016). Anxiety trajectories in response to a speech task in social anxiety disorder: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial of CBT. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 38 21\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2015.12.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2015.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakao T. Sanematsu H. Yoshiura T. Togao O. Murayama K. Tomita M. Masuda Y. Kanba S. (2011). fMRI of patients with social anxiety disorder during a social situation task. Neuroscience Research 69(1) 67\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neures.2010.09.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2010.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Northoff G. Heinzel A. De Greck M. Bermpohl F. Dobrowolny H. Panksepp J. (2006). Self-referential processing in our brain: A meta-analysis of imaging studies on the self. Neuroimage 31(1) 440\u2013457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.12.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pujol J. Gim\u00e9nez M. Ortiz H. Soriano-Mas C. L\u00f3pez-Sol\u00e0 M. Farr\u00e9 M. Deus J. Merlo-Pich E. Harrison B. J. Cardoner N. Navin\u00e9s R. Mart\u00edn-Santos R. (2013). Neural response to the observable self in social anxiety disorder. Psychological Medicine 43(4) 721\u2013731. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291712001857","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291712001857"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qureshi A. W. Apperly I. A. Samson D. (2010). Executive function is necessary for perspective selection not Level-1 visual perspective calculation: Evidence from a dual-task study of adults. Cognition 117(2) 230\u2013236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cognition.2010.08.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2010.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qureshi A. W. Monk R. L. Samson D. Apperly I. A. (2020). Does interference between self and other perspectives in theory of mind tasks reflect a common underlying process? Evidence from individual differences in theory of mind and inhibitory control. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 27 178\u2013190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13423-019-01656-z","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-019-01656-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rochas V. Montandon M. L. Rodriguez C. Herrmann F. R. Eytan A. Pegna A. J. Michel C. M. Giannakopoulos P. (2023). Mentalizing and self-other distinction in visual perspective taking: The analysis of temporal neural processing using high-density EEG. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 17 Article 1206011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2023.1206011","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2023.1206011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruby P. Decety J. (2001). Effect of subjective perspective taking during simulation of action: A PET investigation of agency. Nature Neuroscience 4(5) 546\u2013550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/87510","DOI":"10.1038\/87510"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruby P. Decety J. (2004). How would you feel versus how do you think she would feel? A neuroimaging study of perspective-taking with social emotions. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 16(6) 988\u2013999. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/0898929041502661","DOI":"10.1162\/0898929041502661"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruitenberg M. F. Santens P. Notebaert W. (2020). Cognitive and affective theory of mind in healthy aging. Experimental Aging Research 46(5) 382\u2013395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0361073X.2020.1802980","DOI":"10.1080\/0361073X.2020.1802980"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salthouse T. A. (2009). When does age-related cognitive decline begin? Neurobiology of Aging 30(4) 507\u2013514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2008.09.023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2008.09.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2019.1577140"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sperduti M. Delaveau P. Fossati P. Nadel J. (2011). Different brain structures related to self-and external-agency attribution: A brief review and meta-analysis. Brain Structure and Function 216(2) 151\u2013157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00429-010-0298-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-010-0298-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spurr J. M. Stopa L. (2003). The observer perspective: Effects on social anxiety and performance. Behaviour Research and Therapy 41(9) 1009\u20131028. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0005-7967(02)00177-8","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(02)00177-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Surtees A. D. Butterfill S. A. Apperly I. A. (2011). Direct and indirect measures of level-2 perspective-taking in children and adults. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 30(1) 75\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.2044-835X.2011.02063.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-835X.2011.02063.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Synofzik M. Vosgerau G. Newen A. (2008). Beyond the comparator model: A multifactorial two-step account of agency. Consciousness and Cognition 17(1) 219\u2013239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.concog.2007.03.010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2007.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thunnissen M. R. Nauta M. H. de Jong P. J. Rijkeboer M. M. Voncken M. J. (2022). Flashforward imagery in speech anxiety: Characteristics and associations with anxiety and avoidance. Frontiers in Psychology 13 Article 975374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.975374","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.975374"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van der Graaff J. Branje S. De Wied M. Hawk S. Van Lier P. Meeus W. (2014). Perspective taking and empathic concern in adolescence: Gender differences in developmental changes. Developmental Psychology 50(3) 881\u2013888. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0034325","DOI":"10.1037\/a0034325"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van der Meer L. Groenewold N. A. Nolen W. A. Pijnenborg M. Aleman A. (2011). Inhibit yourself and understand the other: Neural basis of distinct processes underlying Theory of Mind. NeuroImage 56(4) 2364\u20132374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.03.053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.03.053"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Veluw S. J. Chance S. A. (2014). Differentiating between self and others: An ALE meta-analysis of fMRI studies of self-recognition and theory of mind. Brain Imaging and Behavior 8 24\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11682-013-9266-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-013-9266-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vogeley K. Bussfeld P. Newen A. Herrmann S. Happ\u00e9 F. Falkai P. Maier W. Shah N. J. Fink G. R. Zilles K. (2001). Mind reading: Neural mechanisms of theory of mind and self-perspective. Neuroimage 14(1) 170\u2013181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/nimg.2001.0789","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0789"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang J. J. Tseng P. Juan C. H. Frisson S. Apperly I. A. (2019). Perspective-taking across cultures: Shared biases in Taiwanese and British adults. Royal Society Open Science 6(11) Article 190540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsos.190540","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.190540"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang X. Su Y. Hong M. (2021). The dynamic differences between self- and other-oriented mental inferences: An ERP study on a false-belief task. Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience 21 960\u2013969. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13415-021-00899-5","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-021-00899-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wells A. Clark D. M. Ahmad S. (1998). How do I look with my minds eye: Perspective taking in social phobic imagery. Behaviour Research and Therapy 36(6) 631\u2013634. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0005-7967(98)00037-0","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(98)00037-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wells A. Papageorgiou C. (1999). The observer perspective: Biased imagery in social phobia agoraphobia and blood\/injury phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy 37(7) 653\u2013658. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0005-7967(98)00150-8","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(98)00150-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wheeler S. C. Bechler C. J. (2021). Objects and self-identity. Current Opinion in Psychology 39 6\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.copsyc.2020.07.013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2020.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wong J. Gordon E. A. Heimberg R. G. (2014). Cognitive-behavioral models of social anxiety disorder. In Weeks J. W. (Ed.) The Wiley Blackwell handbook of social anxiety disorder (pp. 3\u201323). Wiley Blackwell. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781118653920.ch1","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118653920.ch1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu S. Keysar B. (2007). The effect of culture on perspective taking. Psychological Science 18(7) 600\u2013606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2007.01946.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2007.01946.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoon H. J. Kim J. S. Shin Y. B. Choi S. H. Lee S. K. Kim J. J. (2016). Neural activity during self-referential working memory and the underlying role of the amygdala in social anxiety disorder. Neuroscience Letters 627 139\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2016.05.068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2016.05.068"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ziv M. Goldin P. R. Jazaieri H. Hahn K. S. Gross J. J. (2013). Is there less to social anxiety than meets the eye? Behavioral and neural responses to three socio-emotional tasks. Biology of Mood & Anxiety Disorders 3(1) Article 5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2045-5380-3-5","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-5380-3-5"}],"container-title":["Assessment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10731911261451789","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10731911261451789","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10731911261451789","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T07:52:40Z","timestamp":1780991560000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10731911261451789"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]]},"references-count":81,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10731911261451789"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10731911261451789","relation":{},"ISSN":["1073-1911","1552-3489"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1073-1911","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-3489","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]]},"article-number":"10731911261451789"}}