{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T07:57:14Z","timestamp":1791619034814,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]],"date-time":"2026-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]],"date-time":"2026-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Assessment"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Both positive and adverse developmental experiences have significant impacts across the lifespan. Psychometric measurement of adversity serves multiple conceptual frameworks for parsing experiences; however, existing measurements of positive experiences largely serve count-based frameworks. We present the POS-DEV scale, a retrospective measure of positive experiences with caregivers, close friends, and adult role models across experience dimensions of psychosocial predictability, opportunity, and safety. Exploratory factor analyses (Study 1,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 406; Study 2,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 316) reduced items while a confirmatory factor analysis (Study 3,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 289) confirmed a final factor structure for POS-DEV across childhood and adolescent windows with excellent psychometric properties and construct validity. Six-month test\u2013retest reliability (Study 4,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 203) was excellent for total scores. Positive experiences explained variation in adult mental health above and beyond adversity effects (Study 5,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 1,021), highlighting the POS-DEV scale\u2019s utility for capturing important but under-measured promotional aspects of the early psychosocial environment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10731911261459205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T02:04:27Z","timestamp":1783303467000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Predictability, Opportunity, and Safety Dimensions of Environmental Variability (POS-DEV) Retrospective Scale: A New Tool to Retrospectively Assess Positive Early Life Experiences"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4046-4649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelsie L.","family":"Lopez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7550-767X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Kathios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0132-5299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cora E.","family":"Mukerji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bryn Mawr College, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4564-8068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurel J.","family":"Gabard-Durnam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Appleton A. 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