{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T18:31:59Z","timestamp":1787596319416,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G007720N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G007720N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G0H7818N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G0H7818N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Assessment"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The Proposed Specifiers for Conduct Disorder (PSCD) measures the grandiose-manipulative, callous-unemotional, and daring-impulsive components of psychopathy, along with conduct disorder (CD) symptoms. Although several psychometric studies have been conducted on the PSCD, its psychometric properties have not been examined in justice-involved girls. Accordingly, this study tested the factor structure, reliability, and validity of PSCD in 122 justice-involved girls. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the proposed hierarchical four-factor model. Internal consistency of the PSCD total and subscale scores was satisfactory. Convergent and criterion validity were supported, as PSCD scores were significantly associated with scores of another psychopathy measure (Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory; YPI) and relevant correlates, including\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">DSM-5<\/jats:italic>\n                    CD symptoms\/diagnosis, proactive aggression, trait impulsivity, and school performance. Discriminant validity was also demonstrated, as the PSCD scores were unrelated to anxiety and depression. Furthermore, profile similarity analyses revealed weak to strong similarity among the nomological networks of the PSCD subscales; though, coefficients remained below redundancy thresholds, supporting meaningful differentiation. Finally, PSCD scores showed small but significant incremental contributions over corresponding YPI scores, with the CD subscale demonstrating the strongest incremental values over the YPI total score. Overall, the PSCD holds promise as a research tool in justice-involved girls, although incremental validity requires further investigation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10731911261471803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:14:10Z","timestamp":1787242450000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Psychometric Properties of the Self-Report Proposed Specifiers for Conduct Disorder (PSCD) Scale Among Justice-Involved Girls in Belgium"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8221-076X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mojtaba","family":"Elhami Athar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Darkmind Research Group, Tabriz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmely","family":"Delamillieure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent University, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9532-2544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier F.","family":"Colins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent University, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","volume-title":"Manual for the ASEBA school-age forms & profiles: Child behavior checklist for ages 6-18, teacher\u2019s report form, youth self-report: An integrated system of multi-informant assessment","author":"Achenbach T. M.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Achenbach T. M., Rescorla L. A. (2001). Manual for the ASEBA school-age forms & profiles: Child behavior checklist for ages 6-18, teacher\u2019s report form, youth self-report: An integrated system of multi-informant assessment. University of Vermont, research center for children youth & families."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andershed H. Colins O. F. Salekin R. T. Lordos A. Kyranides M. N. Fanti K. A. (2018). Callous-unemotional traits only versus the multidimensional psychopathy construct as predictors of various antisocial outcomes during early adolescence. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 40(1) 16\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10862-018-9659-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-018-9659-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","first-page":"131","volume-title":"Psychopaths: Current international perspectives","author":"Andershed H","year":"2002","unstructured":"Andershed H, Kerr M., Stattin H., Levander S. (2002). Psychopathic traits in non-referred youths: A new assessment tool. In Blaauw E., Sheridan L. (Eds.), Psychopaths: Current international perspectives (pp. 131\u2013158). Elsevier."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baroncelli A. Roti B. Ciucci E. (2018). The associations between callous-unemotional traits and emotional awareness in youth. Personality and Individual Differences 120 247\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2017.07.036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2017.07.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bellamy N. A. Neumann C. S. Mendez B. Batky B. D. 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