{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T04:44:57Z","timestamp":1782535497709,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Control"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study aimed to investigate the impact of positive hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) and metabolic disorders on clinical characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients in an HBV-endemic area.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 1950 consecutive patients newly diagnosed with HCC between 2002 and 2015 were included. Patient records were reviewed. We compared non-viral and non-alcoholic HCC patients with other etiological groups for HCC. In addition, we compared HCC patients with negative hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and positive anti-HBc to those with negative HBsAg and negative anti-HBc, and to those with HBV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of non-viral and non-alcoholic HCC increased from 7% in 2002\u20132011 to 12% in 2012\u20132015. The proportion of non-viral and non-alcoholic HCC gradually increased with age. Patients with non-viral and non-alcoholic HCC exhibited higher rates of metabolic disorders and preserved liver function. The rate of anti-HBc positivity was similarly high in all HCC etiological groups. The clinical features of HCC patients with negative HBsAg and positive anti-HBc were similar to those with negative HBsAg and negative anti-HBc, but significantly different from those with HBV HCC. Regarding tumor characteristics, patients in the non-viral and non-alcoholic HCC group had more advanced stages of tumors (mUICC stage III\u2013V and BCLC stage C\/D). There was no significant difference in overall survival among the patient groups. The presence of anti-HBc did not affect patient survival.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with non-viral and non-alcoholic HCC had a relatively high prevalence of metabolic disorders and preserved liver function. However, they had advanced tumor stage compared to patients from other etiological groups. Anti-HBc positivity did not affect the clinical characteristics or prognosis of non-HBV HCC patients in this study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10732748211039758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T10:44:23Z","timestamp":1632739463000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effects of Positive Hepatitis B Core Antibody and Metabolic Disorders in Hepatocellular Carcinoma in an Endemic Area of Hepatitis B Virus"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Hae Lim","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"The Catholic Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si Hyun","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"The Catholic Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaejun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"The Catholic Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pil Soo","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"The Catholic Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Won","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"The Catholic Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeong Won","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"The Catholic Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4153-3834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jungmin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong Young","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"The Catholic Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nam Ik","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"The Catholic Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung Kew","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"The Catholic Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10732748211039758","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034779"},{"key":"bibr2-10732748211039758","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29210"},{"key":"bibr3-10732748211039758","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12470"},{"key":"bibr4-10732748211039758","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000367756"},{"key":"bibr5-10732748211039758","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60892-8"},{"key":"bibr6-10732748211039758","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29660"},{"key":"bibr7-10732748211039758","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23464"},{"key":"bibr8-10732748211039758","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.8541"},{"key":"bibr9-10732748211039758","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24551"},{"key":"bibr10-10732748211039758","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.05.016"},{"key":"bibr11-10732748211039758","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29367"},{"key":"bibr12-10732748211039758","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2010.08.019"},{"key":"bibr13-10732748211039758","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl19024"},{"key":"bibr14-10732748211039758","volume-title":"Diabetes 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