{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T05:56:36Z","timestamp":1789019796022,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"mPharma"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Control"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women living with HIV (WLHIV) have higher prevalence and persistence rates of high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) infection with a six-fold increased risk of cervical cancer. Thus, more frequent screening is recommended for WLHIV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate and compare the prevalence of hr-HPV infection and abnormal findings on mobile colposcopy in two cohorts of WLHIV following cervical screening in rural and urban settings in Ghana.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Through the mPharma 10\u2009000 Women Initiative, WLHIV were screened via concurrent hr-HPV DNA testing (MA-6000; Sansure Biotech Inc., Hunan, China) and visual inspection (Enhanced Visual Assessment [EVA] mobile colposcope; MobileODT, Tel Aviv, Israel) by trained nurses. The women were screened while undergoing routine outpatient reviews at HIV clinics held at the Catholic Hospital, Battor (rural setting) and Tema General Hospital (urban setting), both in Ghana.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two-hundred and fifty-eight WLHIV were included in the analysis (rural, n = 132; urban, n = 126). The two groups were comparable in terms of age, time since HIV diagnosis, and duration of treatment for HIV. The hr-HPV prevalence rates were 53.7% (95% CI, 45.3\u201362.3) and 48.4% (95% CI, 39.7\u201357.1) among WLHIV screened in the rural vs urban settings ( p-value = .388). Abnormal colposcopy findings were found in 8.5% (95% CI, 5.1\u201311.9) of the WLHIV, with no significant difference in detection rates between the two settings ( p-value = .221). Three (13.6%) of 22 women who showed abnormal colposcopic findings underwent loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), leaving 19\/22 women from both rural and urban areas with pending treatment\/follow-up results, which demonstrates the difficulty faced in reaching early diagnosis and treatment, regardless of their area of residence. Histopathology following LEEP revealed CIN III in 2 WLHIV (urban setting, both hr-HPV negative) and CIN I in 1 woman in the rural setting (hr-HPV positive).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is a high prevalence of hr-HPV among WLHIV in both rural and urban settings in this study in Ghana. Concurrent HPV DNA testing with a visual inspection method (colposcopy\/VIA) reduces loss to follow-up compared to performing HPV DNA testing as a standalone test and recalling hr-HPV positive women for follow up with a visual inspection method. Concurrent HPV DNA testing and a visual inspection method may also pick up precancerous cervical lesions that are hr-HPV negative and may be missed if HPV DNA testing is performed alone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10732748241244678","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T04:50:22Z","timestamp":1712033422000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["HPV DNA Testing and Mobile Colposcopy for Cervical Precancer Screening in HIV Positive Women: A Comparison Between Two Settings in Ghana and Recommendation for Screening"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Kofi","family":"Effah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic Hospital, Battor, Volta Region, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Anthony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tema General Hospital, Tema, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ethel","family":"Tekpor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic Hospital, Battor, Volta Region, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph E.","family":"Amuah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic Hospital, Battor, Volta Region, Ghana"},{"name":"School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Comfort M.","family":"Wormenor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic Hospital, Battor, Volta Region, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgina","family":"Tay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic Hospital, Battor, Volta Region, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Smith E. Y.","family":"Kraa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic Hospital, Battor, Volta Region, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela M.","family":"Katso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tema General Hospital, Tema, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiana A.","family":"Akonnor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tema General Hospital, Tema, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyram","family":"Kemawor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic Hospital, Battor, Volta Region, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Danyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic Hospital, Battor, Volta Region, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard H.","family":"Atuguba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic Hospital, Battor, Volta Region, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5494-5411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nana Owusu M.","family":"Essel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic Hospital, Battor, Volta Region, Ghana"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick K.","family":"Akakpo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Clinical Teaching Center, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10732748241244678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001301"},{"key":"bibr2-10732748241244678","volume-title":"National AIDS\/STI Control Program, 2020 Annual Report","author":"Ghana Health Services","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr3-10732748241244678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29392\/joghr.3.e2019092"},{"key":"bibr4-10732748241244678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16549716.2017.1380361"},{"key":"bibr5-10732748241244678","unstructured":"Ghana Broadcasting Corporation. Cervical cancer screening to be integrated into routine care for HIV patients. https:\/\/www.gbcghanaonline.com\/news\/health\/cervical-cancer-screening-to-be-integrated-into-routine-care-for-hiv-patients\/2023\/. Published May 2, 2023. 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WHO guidelines for the use of thermal ablation for cervical pre-cancer lesions. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/329299\/9789241550598-eng.pdf?Sequence=1&isallowed=y. Published 2019. 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