{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T17:44:15Z","timestamp":1777484655318,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748822400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748822400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shandong Taishan scholars","award":["tstp20221166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["tstp20221166"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation innovation and development joint","award":["ZR2023LZY006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2023LZY006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Control"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Accurate machine learning-based prognostic models for the diagnosis and treatment of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) are currently lacking, and the role of radiotherapy in ES-SCLC remains a subject of ongoing debate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database of patients diagnosed with ES-SCLC. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify the key prognostic factors. Six machine learning models were developed: XGBoost, support vector machine, k-nearest neighbors, random forest, Iterative Dichotomiser 3, and logistic regression. External validation was conducted using the medical records of ES-SCLC patients who met the screening criteria at a local hospital. Propensity score matching was applied to address baseline imbalance. Kaplan\u2013Meier (K-M) survival analysis was used to evaluate the prognostic impact of radiotherapy, followed by stratified K-M analysis to further explore its applicability across subgroups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The analysis revealed that radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and liver metastasis were significantly associated with prognosis (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001). Liver metastasis was an independent risk factor of poor survival. The stratified K-M analysis suggested that radiotherapy may benefit certain patient subgroups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides novel insights into radiotherapy indications for ES-SCLC, contributing to improved clinical guidelines and treatment strategies based on machine learning-derived prognostic models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10732748251347679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T07:57:12Z","timestamp":1748851032000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Which Types of Patients With Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer Benefit From Radiotherapy? A Retrospective Study Integrating Machine Learning With the SEER Database and a Chinese Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Haojun","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huiru","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macau University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Longyun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macau University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruijuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0778-8788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changgang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"name":"Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"name":"Shandong Second Medical University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2641-8611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"name":"Shandong Second Medical University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.14289"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(79)91113-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.annonc.a058931"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e29985"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1368217"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.817372"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2024.108361"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_10_2","volume-title":"Guidelines of chinese society of clinical oncology (CSCO) Small-cell lung cancer","author":"Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology Guidelines Working Committee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology Guidelines Working Committee. Guidelines of chinese society of clinical oncology (CSCO) Small-cell lung cancer. People\u2019s Medical Publishing House; 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g7594"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neo.2017.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.00626"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.13148"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-024-05621-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000021798"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-2363"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1289434"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.15263"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/tlcr-21-211"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.06.5821"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61085-0"}],"container-title":["Cancer Control"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10732748251347679","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10732748251347679","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10732748251347679","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:23:45Z","timestamp":1777386225000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10732748251347679"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"references-count":21,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10732748251347679"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10732748251347679","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10732748251347679\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10732748251347679\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10732748251347679\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10732748251347679\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10732748251347679\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10732748251347679\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10732748251347679\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10732748251347679\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10732748251347679\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1073-2748","1526-2359"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1073-2748","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-2359","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"article-number":"10732748251347679"}}