{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T17:44:32Z","timestamp":1777484672500,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750636800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750636800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R25CA056452"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25CA056452"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R25CA056452"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25CA056452"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004917","name":"Cancer Prevention Research Institute of Texas","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RP230036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RP230036"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004917","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Control"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>School policy can encourage sun safe habits, such as wearing hats and applying sunscreen. However, sun safety policies (SSP) have not been formally assessed for Texas independent school districts (ISDs), particularly in counties with the highest melanoma incidence relative risk (RR). This study aims to assess the presence, strength, and intent of SSPs across Texas ISDs located in counties with the highest and lowest melanoma incidence. We also identify factors correlated with stronger SSP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eleven components of SSPs from 102 ISDs were evaluated in this cross-sectional study by examining school district websites, official documents, social media, media appearances, statements by school officials, and the Texas Education Agency\u2019s online database. Coders were trained to score each policy\u2019s content, presence, and strength.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Policies for sunscreen use and hats existed in 94% (n = 96) and 92% (n = 94) of ISDs, respectively. In counties with the highest melanoma incidence RR, 30% (n = 15) and 44% (n = 22) of ISDs allocated resources for sun safety and outdoor shade, compared to 2% (n = 1) and 3% (n = 2) in low-risk counties. No ISDs had SSPs on UV protective clothing, accountability, or modeling sun safety behaviors. SSP strength was positively correlated with percentage of school nurses (\u03c1 = 0.564,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), community median household income (\u03c1 = 0.431,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), percentage of female students (\u03c1 = 0.461,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), and tax rate (\u03c1 = 0.366,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0002). Negative correlations were found with percentage of central staff administration (\u03c1 = \u22120.523,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) and graduation rates (\u03c1 = \u22120.335,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings underscore the need for interventions to strengthen SSPs across Texas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10732748251352702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T22:45:23Z","timestamp":1750718723000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessing Sun Protection Policies in Texas School Districts Located in Counties With the Lowest and Highest Melanoma Risk: Content Analysis and Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2780-1022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nabeel","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Houston College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brooke","family":"Bartley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Health Presbyterian Dallas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9493-2468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madison M.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Schrader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rice University Houston"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kehe","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston"},{"name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hung Quoc","family":"Doan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cici","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston"},{"name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelly C.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8910-5244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Cofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.4708"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008390-199311000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19980812)77:4<533::AID-IJC10>3.0.CO;2-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)90348-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(94)70005-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(95)90343-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.15974"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.08.056"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","author":"Glanz K","year":"2002","unstructured":"Glanz K, Saraiya M, Howell W. 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