{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:34:43Z","timestamp":1792787683816,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":287,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Mechanism Research on Replication License Factor CDT1 Gene Poly-Morphism in Genomic Instability of Hepatocellular Carcinoma","award":["82160466"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82160466"]}]},{"name":"Correlation Between CDT1 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Expression and Polarization Status of Tumor -Associated Macrophages in Hepatocellular Carcinoma","award":["CXCY202407"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CXCY202407"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Control"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) harbors a dynamic tumor microenvironment (TME) in which macrophages are highly abundant and plastic. Under physiological conditions, macrophages switch between inflammatory and resolution\/tissue-repair programs to maintain homeostasis; however, during hepatocarcinogenesis these programs are reprogrammed into tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) states that foster immune suppression, angiogenesis, and tumor progression.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Purpose<\/jats:bold>\n                    : To summarize macrophage heterogeneity and polarization mechanisms in HCC, and to highlight omics-informed therapeutic opportunities for targeting TAMs and improving precision immunotherapy.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Research Design<\/jats:bold>\n                    : This review summarizes physiological macrophage polarization and the mechanistic basis of macrophage reprogramming in the hepatocellular carcinoma immune microenvironment, integrating evidence from recent advances in single-cell sequencing, multi-omics, and spatial transcriptomics, with a focus on macrophage subset diversity, key regulatory pathways governing polarization and function, and emerging macrophage-targeted interventions and biomarkers.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:\u00a0<\/jats:bold>\n                    Recent single-cell and spatial multi-omics studies reveal substantial TAM heterogeneity and plasticity in HCC. Macrophage-targeted strategies\u2014including TAM depletion, phenotypic reprogramming, and exosome-mediated drug delivery\u2014show encouraging preclinical efficacy. Macrophage-associated prognostic models and biomarkers may support individualized immunotherapeutic approaches.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Macrophage polarization in HCC represents a dynamic continuum that is essential for homeostasis but is co-opted by tumors to drive immunosuppression and tissue remodeling. Advances in single-cell and spatial multi-omics are redefining TAM subsets and actionable pathways, enabling more rational macrophage-targeted therapies. However, challenges remain in standardizing TAM definitions, identifying robust predictive biomarkers, minimizing off-target effects, and optimizing combinations with immunotherapy. Integrating longitudinal multi-omics with AI-based modeling may help predict macrophage state transitions, guide patient-specific regimens, and advance precision medicine in HCC.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10732748251406674","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T04:56:16Z","timestamp":1765947376000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Macrophage Polarization in the Tumor Microenvironment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From Mechanistic Insights to Translational Therapies"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7212-6193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University"},{"name":"Qinghai Research Key Laboratory for Echinococcosis"},{"name":"Qinghai University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingquan","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University"},{"name":"Qinghai Research Key Laboratory for Echinococcosis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7222-7069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhixin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University"},{"name":"Qinghai Research Key Laboratory for Echinococcosis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6033-238X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haijiu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University"},{"name":"Qinghai Research Key Laboratory for Echinococcosis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-25-1201"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02852"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00322"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.03112"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1356"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.02.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26429"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2017.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1321318"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1352946"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25042407"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364-020-00251-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-025-02149-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2020.104146"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-020-03656-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2023.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-59550-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9NR00943D"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2024.1370042"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.83725"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.112726"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1178662"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101781"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-019-2710-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2018.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1535823"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.803037"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1190333"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2020.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.04.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1369337"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9010120"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1396349"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25094679"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2024.115318"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.105503"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115336"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-20-1808"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-18-3962"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgaf023"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.840029"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.44506"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.13416"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1237711"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2025.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1708876"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1429812"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ntno.30052"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04999-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2017.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-016-2687-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.27259"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22136995"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.242"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1358750"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02325-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-022-00888-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1295257"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-020-00557-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-022-02244-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1224443"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-024-01559-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2018.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00670-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12020440"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-72721-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-70137-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2016.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-017-0519-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.26231"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_5_73_2","first-page":"8075","article-title":"MicroRNA-539 suppresses osteosarcoma cell invasion and migration in vitro and targeting matrix metallopeptidase-8","volume":"8","author":"Jin H","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jin H, Wang W. MicroRNA-539 suppresses osteosarcoma cell invasion and migration in vitro and targeting matrix metallopeptidase-8. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2015;8(7):8075.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2020.109738"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-018-2544-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.10.144"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9010111"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0198609"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8071006"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.08.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107938"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-023-10614-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.1146"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz884"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.00587"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-024-01700-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156750"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01383"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/ITT.S494550"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.109478"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.12.038"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1134661"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-025-05962-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.99345"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1254317"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-20-2990"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1476565"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.867260"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1081572"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-024-06875-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02638"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.113978"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-023-03592-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25094692"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-024-03118-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-20-0555"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2025.167690"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.01146"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29945"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-001946"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1479505"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1121586"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20945\/2359-3997000000186"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2024.103209"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-018-0769-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-024-02026-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.955390"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15212680"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.06.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-024-01231-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2025.1594610"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_127_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06347-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17213565"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-025-01711-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_130_2","first-page":"6","article-title":"Application of multi-omics in hepatocellular carcinoma: new prospects for classification and precise diagnosis and treatment","volume":"11","author":"Jiaxue H","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jiaxue H, Hu X, Jiang Y. Application of multi-omics in hepatocellular carcinoma: new prospects for classification and precise diagnosis and treatment. Hepatoma Research. 2025;11:6.","journal-title":"Hepatoma Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_131_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2023.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_132_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1517312"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_133_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.71873"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_134_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_135_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05613-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_136_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-24-0589"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_137_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-024-02062-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_138_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-019-0342-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_139_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-00558-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_140_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.11.048"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_141_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.940867"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_142_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2025.167676"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_143_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1472430"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_144_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-023-01356-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_145_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-025-03377-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_146_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37349\/ei.2025.1003205"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_147_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2019.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_148_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-025-03490-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_149_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14246151"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_150_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2019.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_151_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41698-024-00564-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_152_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33371"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_153_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2019.11.001"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_5_154_2","first-page":"8681","article-title":"Tumor-associated macrophages recruited by periostin in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma stem cells","volume":"15","author":"Zeng J","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zeng J, Liu Z, Sun S, et al. Tumor-associated macrophages recruited by periostin in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma stem cells. Oncol Lett. 2018;15(6):8681-8686.","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_155_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_156_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111605"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_157_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.937327"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_158_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15384047.2018.1564567"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_159_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5940049"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_160_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2025.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_161_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.29514"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_162_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.10.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_163_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-016-0729-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_164_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2022.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_165_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-18-0014"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_166_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-020-01687-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_167_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2017.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_168_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27782"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_169_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14100741"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_170_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-002044"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_171_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2014.3138"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_172_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-019-1756-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_173_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-025-01401-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_174_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2022.1008802"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_175_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364-024-00573-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_176_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20123107"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_177_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00510.2018"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_178_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2024.114393"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_179_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2018.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_180_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2018.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_181_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.741305"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_182_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2025.1535339"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_183_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112035"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_184_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-0647"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_185_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.06.001"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_5_186_2","first-page":"270","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide-induced M1-type macrophages enhance T cell activity and promote the apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells","volume":"26","author":"Song M","year":"2026","unstructured":"Song M, Yang T, He M, Cao G. Lipopolysaccharide-induced M1-type macrophages enhance T cell activity and promote the apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Curr Top Med Chem. 2026;26(3):270-281.","journal-title":"Curr Top Med Chem"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_187_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_188_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_189_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-326350"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_190_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_191_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-020-01808-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_192_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2020.05.004"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_5_193_2","first-page":"276","article-title":"Effect of lipid-induced macrophage M1\/M2 polarization on lipid metabolism in hepatocytes","volume":"26","author":"Wang Q","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang Q, Xu QY, Wu HM, Hua J. Effect of lipid-induced macrophage M1\/M2 polarization on lipid metabolism in hepatocytes. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi. 2018;26(4):276-281.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_194_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2021.101341"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_195_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-023-01478-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_196_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-19-0261"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_197_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.119.315833"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_198_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.711462"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_199_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-021-00471-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_200_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31600"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_201_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32062"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_202_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_203_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2016.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_204_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04810-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_205_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-021-03181-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_206_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-14263-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_207_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20194947"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_208_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38093-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_209_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-0993-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_210_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15566"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_211_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2020.111979"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_5_212_2","first-page":"535","article-title":"Primary liver cancers: intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"100","author":"Mejia JC","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mejia JC, Pasko J. Primary liver cancers: intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. Surg Clin. 2020;100(3):535-549.","journal-title":"Surg Clin"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_213_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_214_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2019.188314"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_215_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livres.2023.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_216_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.04.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_217_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1402550"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_218_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2021.112575"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_219_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-019-1072-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_220_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21409"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_221_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature19834"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_222_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1528138"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_223_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2017.1299301"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_224_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JHC.S453080"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_225_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252312713"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_226_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14010041"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_227_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2024013699"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_228_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310514"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_229_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2017.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_230_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-16-0124"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_231_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmedchemlett.1c00373"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_232_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-015-0150-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_233_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)00132-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_234_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-12-2616"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_235_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.12368"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_236_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-024-02073-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_237_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2015.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_238_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0708857"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_239_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.9438"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_240_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-022-01073-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_241_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-025-02238-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_242_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-019-0482-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_243_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13062-024-00560-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_244_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.684344"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_245_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2009.00926.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_246_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-09-2904"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_247_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212513"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_248_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2017.6717"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_249_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2016.217"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_250_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2019.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_251_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2018.169"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_252_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_253_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-15-1346"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_254_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2015.02.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_255_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12963"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_256_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2019.1652540"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_257_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2019.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_258_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cac2.12607"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_259_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202203973"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_260_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2025.102000"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_261_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2016.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_262_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25501"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_263_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aan5488"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_264_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2011.39"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_265_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-3016"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_266_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.8002"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_267_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2015.271"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_268_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1871520616666160204112556"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_269_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-16-0866"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_270_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22341"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_271_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau6977"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_272_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-20-0484"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_273_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2021.01.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_274_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abj7002"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_275_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-024-03759-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_276_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2019.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_277_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-022-00406-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_278_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40580-024-00441-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_279_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107960"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_280_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering11121184"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_281_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-06036-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_282_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iotech.2022.100070"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_283_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2025.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_284_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.02.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_285_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2024.110774"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_286_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252313167"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_287_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e40940"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_288_2","first-page":"101741","article-title":"GPC3-targeted CAR-M cells exhibit potent antitumor activity against hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"39","author":"Guan L","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guan L, Wu S, Zhu Q, et al. GPC3-targeted CAR-M cells exhibit potent antitumor activity against hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Rep. 2024;39:101741.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Rep"}],"container-title":["Cancer Control"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10732748251406674","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10732748251406674","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10732748251406674","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:24:17Z","timestamp":1777386257000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10732748251406674"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":287,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10732748251406674"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10732748251406674","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10732748251406674\/v3\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10732748251406674\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10732748251406674\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10732748251406674\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10732748251406674\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10732748251406674\/v1\/review3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10732748251406674\/v1\/review4","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10732748251406674\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10732748251406674\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10732748251406674\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10732748251406674\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10732748251406674\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1073-2748","1526-2359"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1073-2748","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-2359","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"article-number":"10732748251406674"}}