{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T11:53:22Z","timestamp":1793793202371,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Control"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The influence of iodine on papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) remains a subject of debate. This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the risk association between varying levels of iodine intake and the occurrence of PTC and different subtypes of thyroid carcinoma (TC), particularly papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four databases\u2014the Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science\u2014were systematically searched for relevant studies published up until May 30, 2024. An updated search was conducted on November 20, 2025. Literature screening and information collection were performed according to predefined eligibility criteria. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to appraise the quality of the eligible literature. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata 17.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This meta-analysis encompassed 17 studies involving 273\u00a0651 individuals. The findings revealed a correlation between high urinary iodine concentrations and an increased risk of TC (odds ratio [OR]: 6.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.72-15.22,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .05). The elevated risk was observed for both PTC (OR: 7.56, 95% CI: 1.6-35.78,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001) and PTMC (OR: 8.96, 95% CI: 5.89-13.64,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001). These results suggested that greater urinary iodine concentrations were associated with a higher risk of TC. However, there was no significant association between dietary iodine intake and TC risk (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.37-1.52,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; .05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This meta-analysis demonstrated a definitive link between high urinary iodine excretion and an increased risk of TC. The relationship between dietary iodine intake and TC requires further investigation. Considering the current limitations, future large-scale, multicenter, prospective investigations are anticipated to provide further validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10732748261419192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T19:00:16Z","timestamp":1768935616000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Dietary and Urinary Iodine in Relation to Thyroid Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4402-5675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shitao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanxi Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5064-6990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hengxu","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiaxing University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21708"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21833"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1004-616x.2024.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-025-02606-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003583"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.4 .","author":"Higgins JPT","year":"2023","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, et al. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.4 . London: Cochrane Collaboration; 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16071041"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2021.1034"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-29071-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-017-4287-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2011.0173"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2021.1005"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.781"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-017-1209-6"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","first-page":"979","article-title":"Iodine and thyroid cancer risk among women in a multiethnic population: the Bay area thyroid cancer study","volume":"10","author":"Horn-Ross PL","year":"2001","unstructured":"Horn-Ross PL, Morris JS, Lee M, et al. Iodine and thyroid cancer risk among women in a multiethnic population: the Bay area thyroid cancer study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2001;10(9):979-985. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention: a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","first-page":"329","article-title":"Iodine intake and epidemiological characteristics of thyroid cancer: comparison between inland and littoral Croatia","volume":"50","author":"Poljak NK","year":"2011","unstructured":"Poljak NK, Konti\u0107 M, Colovi\u0107 Z, Jeronci\u0107 I, Luksi\u0107 B, Muli\u0107 R. Iodine intake and epidemiological characteristics of thyroid cancer: comparison between inland and littoral Croatia. Acta Clin Croat. 2011;50(3):329-339.","journal-title":"Acta Clin Croat"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-016-1370-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-21-4928"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/cej.0000000000000168"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-021-00818-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CEJ.0b013e32834a8042"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-014-2397-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-015-1144-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13044-015-0020-8"}],"container-title":["Cancer Control"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10732748261419192","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10732748261419192","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10732748261419192","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:24:23Z","timestamp":1777386263000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10732748261419192"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10732748261419192"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10732748261419192","relation":{},"ISSN":["1073-2748","1526-2359"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1073-2748","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-2359","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"article-number":"10732748261419192"}}