{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T11:58:29Z","timestamp":1790510309435,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["460711"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["460711"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["475454"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["475454"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Control"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Screening for lung, breast, and cervical cancer can reduce morbidity and mortality by enabling earlier detection and treatment. However, participation remains below target levels, particularly among individuals experiencing marginalization. While primary care providers (PCPs) can play a key role in improving screening uptake, few reviews have focused on interventions targeting individuals experiencing marginalization that are aimed at PCPs, delivered by PCPs, or that occurred in a primary care setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this scoping review was to examine the extent and types of PCP interventions implemented to increase lung, breast, and cervical cancer screening uptake among individuals experiencing marginalization and identify gaps to inform future practice and research. We searched for studies of PCP interventions aimed at increasing lung, cervical, and\/or breast cancer screening among marginalized populations in Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Scopus, EBSCO CINAHL Complete and Ovid EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from 2000 to March 31, 2022. Title, abstract, and full-text articles were screened, and data extraction was performed by three independent reviewers. The charted data were summarized using narrative synthesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty-two studies were included: 13 for cervical cancer, 15 for breast cancer, one for lung cancer, and 13 on multiple cancer sites. Interventions included education (for both patients and PCPs), self-collected human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, patient navigation, clinic system tools, event-based, and multicomponent. Increases in screening rates were observed across various intervention types for breast and cervical cancer, with multi-site interventions evaluated based on their reported effects on breast and cervical cancer screening independently.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Educational interventions demonstrated the greatest effectiveness for breast cancer screening, and self-collected HPV testing demonstrated the greatest effectiveness for cervical cancer screening. There is a clear gap in the literature regarding interventions aimed at increasing lung cancer screening participation, and further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of such interventions. Screening programs and PCPs should consider targeted strategies to support greater participation among individuals experiencing marginalization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10732748261491707","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T18:51:46Z","timestamp":1790189506000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring Primary Care Interventions to Increase Lung, Breast, and Cervical Cancer Screening With Individuals Experiencing Marginalization: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1968-7887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Etta","family":"Jantzen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Francis Xavier University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8878-9063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janina Althea","family":"Quiambao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Francis Xavier University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominick","family":"LeBlanc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Francis Xavier University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6007-7825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Cernat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University"},{"name":"University of Alberta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5297-0736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabine","family":"Calleja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill","family":"Tinmouth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto"},{"name":"Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aisha K.","family":"Lofters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto"},{"name":"Women\u2019s College Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0221-5836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arlinda","family":"Ruco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Francis Xavier University"},{"name":"Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","volume-title":"Canadian Cancer Statistics 2023","author":"Canadian Cancer Statistics Advisory Committee in, collaboration with the Canadian Cancer Society, Statistics, Canada and the Public Health Agency of Canada","year":"2023","unstructured":"Canadian Cancer Statistics Advisory Committee in, collaboration with the Canadian Cancer Society, Statistics, Canada and the Public Health Agency of Canada. Canadian Cancer Statistics 2023. Canadian Cancer Society; 2023. https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/services\/reports-publications\/health-promotion-chronic-disease-prevention-canada-research-policy-practice\/vol-44-no-1-2024\/canadian-cancer-statistics-2023.html. Accessed 18 July 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21871"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","volume-title":"Cancer Screening in Canada: An Overview of Screening Participation for Breast, Cervical and Colorectal Cancer","author":"Canadian Partnership Against Cancer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. Cancer Screening in Canada: An Overview of Screening Participation for Breast, Cervical and Colorectal Cancer. Canadian Partnership Against Cancer; 2015. https:\/\/s22457.pcdn.co\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Breast-Cervical-Colorectal-Screening-Participate-2015-EN.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","volume-title":"Ontario Cancer Screening Performance Report 2023 - Special Focus: Equity in Cancer Screening","author":"Cancer Care Ontario","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cancer Care Ontario. Ontario Cancer Screening Performance Report 2023 - Special Focus: Equity in Cancer Screening. Cancer Care Ontario. 2024. https:\/\/www.cancercareontario.ca\/sites\/ccocancercare\/files\/assets\/OCSPRfullReport.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-018-0827-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.43796"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2050-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12927\/hcq.2019.26014"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13557850802699122"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.70021"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/26895269.2023.2294493"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-15-0990"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2016.09.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2022.04.210399"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/26759"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2017.11.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2018.4637"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19080\/ijoprs.2017.02.555586."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2012.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-6-111"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CEJ.0000000000000344"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2013.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-5-69"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-066005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2016.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3163\/1536-5050.104.3.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g1687"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0238099"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JGO.18.00023"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2013.4655"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2016.05.160109"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2010.01512.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.1903"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.15.2.17406"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0749-3797(00)00153-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-019-05438-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S127147"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-10-0141"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2018.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-15-1246"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198110375037"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2010.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-013-2506-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2004.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-10-0313"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22147"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3934\/publichealth.2016.4.933"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08858190209528844"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-019-6401-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.13915"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/trgh.2019.0019"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.13285"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-021-01392-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-013-2491-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-010-1527-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/heq.2018.0104"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106666"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JOP.2014.003558"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.240"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605393"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13187-019-01611-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46747\/cfp.6711843"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JGO.19.00396"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_5_66_2","first-page":"178","article-title":"Breast and cervical cancer in indigenous women-overcoming barriers to early detection","volume":"37","author":"Reath J","year":"2008","unstructured":"Reath J, Carey M. Breast and cervical cancer in indigenous women-overcoming barriers to early detection. Aust Fam Physician. 2008;37(3):178-182. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/18345371\/","journal-title":"Aust Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7599.2002.tb00117.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1006410711370"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524839915587269"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002834.pub3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-026-04292-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_72_2","unstructured":"Australian Government. Establishing the National Lung Cancer Screening Program. 2025. Accessed May 21 2026.. https:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/our-work\/nlcsp\/establishing-program"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_73_2","unstructured":"Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. Lung screening in Canada 2023-24. Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. Accessed May 21 2026.. https:\/\/www.partnershipagainstcancer.ca\/topics\/lung-screening-canada-2023-2024\/programs\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14235913"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-019-01200-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_76_2","volume-title":"\u201cIn Plain Sight\u201d: Addressing Indigenous specific racism and discrimination in BC Health Care 2020","author":"Turpel-Lafond (Aki-Kwe) ME","unstructured":"Turpel-Lafond (Aki-Kwe) ME. \u201cIn Plain Sight\u201d: Addressing Indigenous specific racism and discrimination in BC Health Care 2020. University of British Columbia. https:\/\/engage.gov.bc.ca\/app\/uploads\/sites\/613\/2020\/11\/In-Plain-Sight-Summary-Report.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-021-01410-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NCC.0000000000000338"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2019.0100"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e3181d6886f"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_81_2","unstructured":"Government of Canada SC. Access to health care. 2025. https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/pub\/82-570-x\/2024001\/section4-eng.htm. Accessed 25 May 2026."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_82_2","volume-title":"Rural and remote populations","author":"Breast Cancer Screening in Canada: 2021\/2022","unstructured":"Breast Cancer Screening in Canada: 2021\/2022. Rural and remote populations. Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. Accessed May 25, 2026.https:\/\/www.partnershipagainstcancer.ca\/topics\/breast-cancer-screening-in-canada-2021-2022\/population-outreach\/rural-and-remote-populations\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2023.03.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/phe\/phae008"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M24-0377"}],"container-title":["Cancer Control"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10732748261491707","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10732748261491707","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10732748261491707","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T11:33:20Z","timestamp":1790508800000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10732748261491707"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":84,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10732748261491707"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10732748261491707","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10732748261491707\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10732748261491707\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10732748261491707\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10732748261491707\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10732748261491707\/v3\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10732748261491707\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10732748261491707\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10732748261491707\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10732748261491707\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10732748261491707\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1073-2748","1526-2359"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1073-2748","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-2359","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"article-number":"10732748261491707"}}