{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:36:00Z","timestamp":1792787760138,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","award":["KAKENHI grant number 25K10756"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KAKENHI grant number 25K10756"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00hhkn466","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"a special research grant from the Tokyo Metropolitan Hospital Organization","award":["grant number TMHO2026SP001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant number TMHO2026SP001"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04y0s1771","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Control"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-associated myasthenia and myositis are rare, potentially life-threatening neuromuscular immune-related adverse events, but their serological spectrum remains incompletely characterized. This study aimed to elucidate their autoantibody profiles and explore associations with severe clinical features.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective, multicenter, serum-repository-based observational cohort study included 50 patients with ICI-associated myasthenia and myositis referred from institutions throughout Japan. Clinical data and serum samples were analyzed using conventional autoantibody assays, cytometric cell-based assays, RNA immunoprecipitation, and immunohistochemistry. Antibody\u2013outcome associations were evaluated exploratorily using Firth logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 50 patients, the median age was 71.5 years, and 35 (70%) were male. Two patients had preexisting thymoma-associated myasthenia. Underlying malignancies were diverse and included thoracic, gastrointestinal, urological, and other cancers. All but one patient received programmed cell death protein-1 inhibitors. The median interval from the first ICI administration to symptom onset was 31.5 days, although 7 patients showed delayed onset beyond 62 days. Severe toxicity, defined as Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grade 4 or 5, occurred in 15 patients, respiratory insufficiency in 12, and myocarditis in 9. Anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies were detected in 9 patients (18%) and showed exploratory associations with severe toxicity and respiratory insufficiency, although anti-muscle-specific kinase antibodies were not detected. Among striational antibodies, anti-titin and anti-Kv1.4 antibodies were detected in 21 and 22 patients, respectively. Anti-Kv1.4 antibodies showed an exploratory association with myocarditis. All 7 weak myositis-specific immunodot reactivities involved RNA-associated targets and lacked corresponding RNA immunoprecipitates. Reactivity on commercial paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (PNS) immunodot assays, accompanied by supportive neuronal tissue reactivity, was observed in 5 patients without classical PNS manifestations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this retrospective referral cohort, anti-AChR and anti-Kv1.4 reactivities showed exploratory associations with selected severe clinical features. These findings require prospective external validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10732748261493412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T23:58:08Z","timestamp":1790726288000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Autoantibody Profiles of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Myasthenia and Myositis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Tomoya","family":"Kawazoe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital"},{"name":"Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiki","family":"Tezuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keio University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Ishizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiyuki","family":"Matsuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital"},{"name":"Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masatoshi","family":"Kawai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keio University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihito","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital"},{"name":"Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takanobu","family":"Iri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital"},{"name":"Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Yaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kashiwa Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Funato","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokyo Metropolitan Hospital Organization"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morinobu","family":"Seki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keio University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazushi","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4388-4574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shigeaki","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital"},{"name":"Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10870-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000001188"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(23)00335-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004359"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-019-0774-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2019.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaa181"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2024.101192"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtocrr.2024.100772"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2009.229"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41713"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.803410"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(23)00369-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-022-00827-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-41730-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000701"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011795"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2021-002890"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.13727"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08916930903555935"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0079-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02591-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.77.3184"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.5108"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16112159"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyaf178"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/imt-2019-0106"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mrcr\/rxaf025"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-017-0258-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102586"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0000000000001874"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200484"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/onco.13931"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.884776"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2023.100791"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-22-1180"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-023-01320-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-023-01915-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-024-01001-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-021-00520-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0000000000001777"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.4675"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2025.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.642800"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-90887-0.00018-3"}],"container-title":["Cancer Control"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10732748261493412","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10732748261493412","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10732748261493412","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T08:18:07Z","timestamp":1790929087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10732748261493412"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10732748261493412"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10732748261493412","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10732748261493412\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10732748261493412\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10732748261493412\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10732748261493412\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10732748261493412\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10732748261493412\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10732748261493412\/v3\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10732748261493412\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10732748261493412\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10732748261493412\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1073-2748","1526-2359"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1073-2748","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-2359","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"article-number":"10732748261493412"}}