{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T13:00:42Z","timestamp":1788786042442,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,10,1]],"date-time":"2001-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1001894400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroscientist"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>There is considerable neurobiological evidence suggesting that schizophrenia is associated with reduced corticocortical connectivity. The authors describe two neural network computer simulations that explore functional consequences of these abnormalities. The first utilized an \u201cattractor\u201d neural network capable of content-addressable memory. Application of a pruning rule that eliminated weaker connections over longer distances produced functional fragmentation and the emergence of localized, \u201cparasitic\u201d attractors that intruded into network dynamics. These pathologies generally were expressed only when input information was ambiguous and provide models for delusions and cognitive disorganization. A second neural network simulation examined effects of corticocortical pruning in a speech perception network. Excessive pruning caused the network to produce percepts spontaneously, that is, in the absence of inputs, thereby simulating hallucinations. The \u201challucinating\u201d network also demonstrated subtle impairments in narrative speech perception. A parallel study of human patients found similar impairments when comparing hallucinating patients with nonhallucinating patients. In addition, the authors have used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to directly probe speech perception neurocircuitry in patients with these hallucinations. As predicted by the neural network model, the authors confirmed that \u201csuppressive\u201d low-frequency TMS reduces auditory hallucinations. Neural network simulations provide empirically testable concepts linking phenomenological, cognitive, and neurobiological findings in schizophrenia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/107385840100700513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,17]],"date-time":"2009-04-17T18:53:06Z","timestamp":1239994386000},"page":"441-454","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Book Review: Neural Network Models of Schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Ralph E.","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas H.","family":"Mcglashan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00282-6"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.14-11-06435.1994"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/17.1.27"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06732.x"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/JMN:13:1-2:101"},{"key":"atypb6","first-page":"443","volume-title":"Architectonics of the cerebral cortex","author":"Braitenberg V","year":"1978"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/23.3.367"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.8.1049"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-9964(90)90042-6"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.5.1398"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199603220-00021"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80715-1"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(95)00324-C"},{"key":"atypb14","volume-title":"Neural Darwinism: the theory of neural group selection","author":"Edelman GM","year":"1987"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog1402_1"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(82)90038-3"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/6.1.1"},{"key":"atypb18","first-page":"89","volume":"3","author":"Friston KJ","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.65.4.446"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1997.01830220065010"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.1.65"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1997.01830140071013"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195062847.003.0004","volume-title":"Frontal lobe function and injury","author":"Goldman-Rakic PS","year":"1991"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.8.761"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.8.769"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/1137"},{"key":"atypb27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02043-2"},{"key":"atypb28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/15.3.477"},{"key":"atypb29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.3.393","volume":"56","author":"Hoffman RE","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"atypb30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1986.01800090017003"},{"key":"atypb31","first-page":"228","volume-title":"Controversies in schizophrenia","author":"Holzman PS","year":"1985"},{"key":"atypb32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00679-4"},{"key":"atypb33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.79.8.2554"},{"key":"atypb34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(79)90349-4"},{"key":"atypb35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19971020)387:2<167::AID-CNE1>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"atypb36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1992.00530280095028"},{"key":"atypb37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)05288-X"},{"key":"atypb38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.381436"},{"key":"atypb39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000459"},{"key":"atypb40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.56.4.367"},{"key":"atypb41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.7.637"},{"key":"atypb42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91707-S"},{"key":"atypb43","volume-title":"Subsymbolic natural language processing: an integrated model of scripts, lexicon and memory","author":"Miikkulainen R","year":"1993"},{"key":"atypb44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.170.5.411"},{"key":"atypb45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-934X(78)90030-5"},{"key":"atypb46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(93)90065-L"},{"key":"atypb47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1992.01820120063009"},{"key":"atypb48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(97)00118-8"},{"key":"atypb49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1991.01810300075011"},{"key":"atypb50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291799001397"},{"key":"atypb51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1999.0571p.x"},{"key":"atypb52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370004500405","volume":"45","author":"Sarfati Y","year":"2000","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"atypb53","first-page":"114","volume-title":"Memory: organization and locus of change","author":"Scheich H","year":"1991"},{"key":"atypb54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(98)00281-9"},{"key":"atypb55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950220015005"},{"key":"atypb56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19980316)392:3<402::AID-CNE9>3.0.CO;2-5"},{"key":"atypb57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/378176a0"},{"key":"atypb58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.176.1.52"},{"key":"atypb59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02190383"},{"key":"atypb60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(99)00053-3"},{"key":"atypb61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.56.2.133"},{"key":"atypb62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican1270-30"},{"key":"atypb63","first-page":"A107","volume":"48","author":"Wassermann EM","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"atypb64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.6.4.419","volume":"6","author":"Weinberger DR","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"atypb65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.149.7.890"},{"key":"atypb66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.12.1690","volume":"154","author":"Woodruff PWR","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"atypb67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/8.3.261"}],"container-title":["The Neuroscientist"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/107385840100700513","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/107385840100700513","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T01:01:44Z","timestamp":1777683704000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/107385840100700513"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,10]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/107385840100700513"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/107385840100700513","relation":{},"ISSN":["1073-8584","1089-4098"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1073-8584","type":"print"},{"value":"1089-4098","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,10]]}}}