{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T12:36:50Z","timestamp":1793191010204,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,30]],"date-time":"2012-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1354233600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuroscientist"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a common disorder involving chronic progressive compression of the cervical spinal cord due to degenerative disc disease, spondylosis, or other degenerative pathology. CSM is the most common form of spinal cord impairment and causes functional decline leading to reduced independence and quality of life. Despite a sound understanding of the disease process, clinical presentation and management, a universal definition of CSM and a standardized index of severity are not currently used universally. Work is required to develop a definition and establish clinical predictors of progression to improve management of CSM. Despite advances in decompressive and reconstructive surgery, patients are often left with residual disability. Gaps in knowledge of the pathobiology of CSM have limited therapeutic advances to complement surgery. Although the histopathologic and pathophysiologic similarities between CSM and traumatic spinal cord injury have long been acknowledged, the unique pathomechanisms of CSM remain unexplored. Increased efforts to elucidate CSM pathobiology could lead to the discovery of novel therapeutic targets for human CSM and other spinal cord diseases. Here, the natural history of CSM, epidemiology, clinical presentation, and current methods of clinical management are reported, along with the current state of basic scientific research in the field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858412467377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]],"date-time":"2012-12-01T21:17:27Z","timestamp":1354396647000},"page":"409-421","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":353,"title":["Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Sukhvinder","family":"Kalsi-Ryan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Krembil Neuroscience Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Spyridon K.","family":"Karadimas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Krembil Neuroscience Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Fehlings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, and Neuroscience Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4055\/cios.2010.2.2.98"},{"key":"bibr2-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.2.SPINE08727"},{"key":"bibr3-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31821a418c"},{"key":"bibr4-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.03.024"},{"key":"bibr5-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.47.1.17"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr6-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000215383.64386.82","volume":"60","author":"Baron EM","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"bibr7-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr088"},{"key":"bibr8-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199072080-00008"},{"key":"bibr9-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198807000-00025"},{"key":"bibr10-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(03)00260-1"},{"key":"bibr11-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevBiomedEng.v40.i1.10"},{"key":"bibr12-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.5.AOSPINE1278"},{"key":"bibr13-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2213010365"},{"key":"bibr14-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-002-0372-2"},{"key":"bibr15-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1979.51.3.0362"},{"key":"bibr16-1073858412467377","first-page":"15","volume":"11","author":"Epstein N","year":"1987","journal-title":"Orthotransactions"},{"key":"bibr17-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199812150-00012"},{"key":"bibr18-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2007.6.1.17","volume":"6","author":"Fernandez de Rota JJ","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"bibr19-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(85)90337-4"},{"key":"bibr20-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.71B3.2722928"},{"key":"bibr21-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199110001-00016"},{"key":"bibr22-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4160-5316-3.00283-5"},{"key":"bibr23-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gemici C. 2010. Lhermitte\u2019s sign: review with special emphasis in oncology practice. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 74:79\u201386.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2009.04.009"},{"key":"bibr24-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198607000-00003"},{"key":"bibr25-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01886675"},{"key":"bibr26-1073858412467377","first-page":"908324","author":"Green C","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv Orthop"},{"key":"bibr27-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199003000-00003"},{"key":"bibr28-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198107000-00005"},{"key":"bibr29-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2007.6.6.5"},{"key":"bibr30-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181b0d078"},{"key":"bibr31-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.0083b.x"},{"key":"bibr32-1073858412467377","author":"Karadimas SK","year":"2012","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"bibr33-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000417691.81552.81"},{"key":"bibr34-1073858412467377","volume-title":"28th Annual Meeting of the AANS\/CNS Section on the Disorders of the Spine and Peripheral Nerves","author":"Karadimas SK","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr35-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200301000-00014"},{"key":"bibr36-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1993.13"},{"key":"bibr37-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2011.71"},{"key":"bibr38-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181eaf33d"},{"key":"bibr39-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.F.00437"},{"key":"bibr40-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5373.1607"},{"key":"bibr41-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010050484"},{"key":"bibr42-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10168"},{"key":"bibr43-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1980.53.1.0012"},{"key":"bibr44-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/SPI-07\/12\/615"},{"key":"bibr45-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199903150-00005"},{"key":"bibr46-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-4-431-32563-5_3"},{"key":"bibr47-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.1.SPINE08716"},{"key":"bibr48-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2003.99.2.0162"},{"key":"bibr49-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3100422"},{"key":"bibr50-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.3.SPINE08728"},{"key":"bibr51-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-010-1453-3"},{"key":"bibr52-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-17-07526.2002"},{"key":"bibr53-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(89)90542-8"},{"key":"bibr54-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-012-1388-3"},{"key":"bibr55-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/95.1.87"},{"key":"bibr56-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.69B2.3818752"},{"key":"bibr57-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318259a65b"},{"key":"bibr58-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-20041001-19"},{"key":"bibr59-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.46.231"},{"key":"bibr60-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182102ede"},{"key":"bibr61-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/61.7.623"},{"key":"bibr62-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.94B8.29618"},{"key":"bibr63-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.1.SPINE08725"},{"key":"bibr64-1073858412467377","first-page":"235","volume":"66","author":"Sadasivan KK","year":"1993","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"bibr65-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2003.10.049"},{"key":"bibr66-1073858412467377","first-page":"1418","volume":"122","author":"Shen HX","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"bibr67-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181573aee"},{"key":"bibr68-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-010-0692-8"},{"key":"bibr69-1073858412467377","first-page":"226","volume":"95","author":"Swagerty DL","year":"1994","journal-title":"Kans Med"},{"key":"bibr70-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.17.2.117"},{"key":"bibr71-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181822ed7"},{"key":"bibr72-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000374848.86299.17"},{"key":"bibr73-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NRL.0b013e3181da3a29"},{"key":"bibr74-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-003-0691-4"},{"key":"bibr75-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200203010-00008"},{"key":"bibr76-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.21627"},{"key":"bibr77-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-005-0953-1"},{"key":"bibr78-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2010.72"},{"key":"bibr79-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199510001-00009"},{"key":"bibr80-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199903010-00009"},{"key":"bibr81-1073858412467377","volume-title":"Youmans Neurological Surgery","author":"Winn HR","year":"2004","edition":"5"},{"key":"bibr82-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000228772.53598.cc"},{"key":"bibr83-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.5.SPINE08940"},{"key":"bibr84-1073858412467377","first-page":"122","volume":"52","author":"Yamazaki T","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"bibr85-1073858412467377","first-page":"1064","volume":"62","author":"Young WF","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"bibr86-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2008.09.024"},{"key":"bibr87-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr054"},{"key":"bibr88-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200108150-00006"},{"key":"bibr89-1073858412467377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318074d62e"}],"container-title":["The Neuroscientist"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1073858412467377","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1073858412467377","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1073858412467377","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T01:06:02Z","timestamp":1777683962000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1073858412467377"}},"subtitle":["The Clinical Phenomenon and the Current Pathobiology of an Increasingly Prevalent and Devastating Disorder"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,30]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1073858412467377"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1073858412467377","relation":{},"ISSN":["1073-8584","1089-4098"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1073-8584","type":"print"},{"value":"1089-4098","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,30]]}}}