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While some of these processes are well known in the clinical presentation of migraine (i.e., autonomic and somatosensory alterations), other more complex behaviors in migraine, such as conscious awareness and error detection, are less well described. Since the insula processes and relays afferent inputs from brain areas involved in these functions to areas involved in higher cortical function such as frontal, temporal, and parietal regions, it may be implicated as a brain region that translates the signals of altered internal milieu in migraine, along with other chronic pain conditions, through the insula into complex behaviors. Here we review how the insula function and structure is altered in migraine. As a brain region of a number of brain functions, it may serve as a model to study new potential clinical perspectives for migraine treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858415601369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,19]],"date-time":"2015-08-19T21:59:56Z","timestamp":1440021596000},"page":"632-652","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":138,"title":["The Insula"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Borsook","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pain\/Analgesia Imaging Neuroscience (P.A.I.N.) Group, Department of Anesthesia, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Center for Pain and the Brain, Harvard Medical School, Waltham, MA, USA"},{"name":"Athinoula A. 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