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At present, the factors that promote myelination and overcome the remyelination block in demyelinating diseases are poorly defined. Although the roles of protein-coding genes in oligodendrocyte differentiation have been extensively studied, the majority of the mammalian genome is transcribed into noncoding RNAs, and the functions of these molecules in myelination are poorly characterized. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate transcription at multiple levels, providing spatiotemporal control and robustness for cell type\u2013specific gene expression and physiological functions. lncRNAs have been shown to regulate neural cell\u2013type specification, differentiation, and maintenance of cell identity, and dysregulation of lncRNA function has been shown to contribute to neurological diseases. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the functions of lncRNAs in oligodendrocyte development and myelination as well their roles in neurological diseases and brain tumorigenesis. A more systematic characterization of lncRNA functional networks will be instrumental for a better understanding of CNS myelination, myelin disorders, and myelin repair.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10738584221083919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,4]],"date-time":"2022-04-04T02:41:32Z","timestamp":1649040092000},"page":"287-301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Long Noncoding RNAs in CNS Myelination and Disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nervous System Injuries and Diseases, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children at Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. 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