{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T13:33:31Z","timestamp":1792762411333,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Gatewayway Institute for Brain Research grant award to TCT"},{"name":"Nova Southeastern University\u2019s President\u2019s Research Grant (PRG) award to DK"},{"name":"Faculty Research Grant (FRG) from the Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University to DK"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuroscientist"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Brain-on-a-chip is a microphysiologic platform that comprises cultured brain cells to understand brain disease pathogenesis and treatment. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) of the neurovascular unit serves as a highly selective molecular transport interface for brain homeostasis. BBB dysfunction promotes neuroinflammation, exacerbates disease progression, and contributes to neurodegenerative diseases. However, the mechanisms of BBB disruption underlying brain disorders remain poorly understood; thus, developing neurotherapeutics that can effectively cross the BBB remains a major challenge. Recent advances in microfluidic brain-on-a-chip platforms now enable the creation of BBB-on-a-chip systems that replicate key structural and functional aspects of the human BBB under dynamic flow conditions. Integration of microelectrode arrays into these microfluidic systems enhances their utility by enabling high-throughput drug screening and targeted delivery, allowing real-time monitoring of neuronal activity and network behavior. Although current brain organoid, brain-on-a-chip, and BBB-on-a-chip platforms remain in developmental stages, significant progress has been made using induced pluripotent stem cell\u2013derived neurons, astrocytes, endothelial cells, pericytes, and microglia from healthy individuals and patients with neurodegenerative diseases. This review highlights recent advances in brain- and BBB-on-a-chip technologies and their potential applications in studying disease pathogenesis and preclinical drug screening for neurodegenerative disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10738584261453915","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T15:45:21Z","timestamp":1782229521000},"page":"253-269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Brain-on-a-Chip and Blood-Brain Barrier\u2013on-a-Chip Modeling for Neurodegenerative Disorders: Recent Progress"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1148-8681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duraisamy","family":"Kempuraj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Center of Excellence for Neuroinflammation Research, Dr Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huachen","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Center of Excellence for Neuroinflammation Research, Dr Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Travis D.","family":"Truong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Center of Excellence for Neuroinflammation Research, Dr Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Center of Excellence for Neuroinflammation Research, Dr Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arjun","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Center of Excellence for Neuroinflammation Research, Dr Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA"},{"name":"College of Psychology, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prathiv Raj","family":"Ramesh Babu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Center of Excellence for Neuroinflammation Research, Dr Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA"},{"name":"Halmos College of Arts and Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohit G.","family":"Belur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Center of Excellence for Neuroinflammation Research, Dr Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA"},{"name":"Halmos College of Arts and Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sai Puneeth","family":"Kothuru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Center of Excellence for Neuroinflammation Research, Dr Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA"},{"name":"College of Psychology, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baskaran","family":"Chinnappan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Center of Excellence for Neuroinflammation Research, Dr Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Pena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Center of Excellence for Neuroinflammation Research, Dr Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prarthana","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Center of Excellence for Neuroinflammation Research, Dr Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avi","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Center of Excellence for Neuroinflammation Research, Dr Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA"},{"name":"Dr Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Divya","family":"Komandooru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Center of Excellence for Neuroinflammation Research, Dr Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Seth","family":"Valladares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Center of Excellence for Neuroinflammation Research, Dr Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Freeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gateway Institute for Brain Research, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theoharis C.","family":"Theoharides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Center of Excellence for Neuroinflammation Research, Dr Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13896-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.18560"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bios13050551"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X16688919"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6564585"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4252\/wjsc.v15.i6.632"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46554-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.611761"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13923"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16101314"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c00994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1503-22.2022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad064"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2022.55.5.043"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.4c02221"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-39038-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-011-1530-6"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","article-title":"A microfluidic multisize spheroid array for multiparametric screening of anticancer drugs and blood-brain barrier transport properties","volume":"8","author":"Eilenberger C","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eilenberger C, et al. 2021. A microfluidic multisize spheroid array for multiparametric screening of anticancer drugs and blood-brain barrier transport properties. Adv Sci (Weinh). 8(11):e2004856.","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-24-01490"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S549893"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awae390"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-023-00471-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-021-00635-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13041-023-01007-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.106267"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.2411.11040"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.688090"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2017.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2023.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-025-03041-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17460441.2023.2234280"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-020-00230-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000001887"},{"issue":"39","key":"e_1_3_2_36_1","article-title":"Organ-on-a-chip models of the blood-brain barrier: recent advances and future prospects","volume":"18","author":"Kawakita S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kawakita S, et al. 2022. Organ-on-a-chip models of the blood-brain barrier: recent advances and future prospects. Small. 18(39):e2201401.","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2024.1491952"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10738584231194927"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858419848293"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-1177-7"},{"issue":"14","key":"e_1_3_2_41_1","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease modeling using directly converted 3D induced dopaminergic neuron organoids and assembloids","volume":"12","author":"Kim H","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kim H, et al. 2025. Parkinson\u2019s disease modeling using directly converted 3D induced dopaminergic neuron organoids and assembloids. Adv Sci (Weinh). 12(14):e2412548.","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2024.11.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-61888-7"},{"issue":"33","key":"e_1_3_2_44_1","article-title":"Multi-region brain organoids integrating cerebral, mid-hindbrain, and endothelial systems","volume":"12","author":"Kshirsagar A","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kshirsagar A, et al. 2025. Multi-region brain organoids integrating cerebral, mid-hindbrain, and endothelial systems. Adv Sci (Weinh). 12(33):e03768.","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.732820"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-024-00430-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2025.103030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202503579"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D5LC00517E"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10565-026-10161-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00914"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-021-00744-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-022-00406-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.3c01650"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2026.125806"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.2c00333"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5123476"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2019.108525"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2023.1250123"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25126496"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-022-02932-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-01798-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104813"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26066-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2026.100118"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano13192697"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2019.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_1","article-title":"Training\u2014NeuroAI: bridging brain science and artificial intelligence","author":"Ramaswamy S","year":"2026","unstructured":"Ramaswamy S. 2026. Training\u2014NeuroAI: bridging brain science and artificial intelligence. Neuroline\u2013Society for Neuroscience.","journal-title":"Neuroline\u2013Society for Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02720-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-181306"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37533"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-025-00954-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-07313-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-33940-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-025-00708-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201900962"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14573\/altex.2303261"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.13121"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.70161"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.10604"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11060916"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00230"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-023-05582-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2025.1699814"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106864"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25021182"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Theoharides TC Perlman AI Twahir A Kempuraj D. 2023. Mast cell activation: beyond histamine and tryptase. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 19(6):639\u2013654.","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2023.2200936"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.086"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/152308601300185223"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2019.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2025.03.041"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-021-00294-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28227631"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.5c06071"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.150092"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202002285"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuan Y Sun J Dong Q Cui M. 2023. Blood-brain barrier endothelial cells in neurodegenerative diseases: signals from the \u201cbarrier.\u201d Front Neurosci. 17:1047778.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1047778"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2023.113431"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.01.003"}],"container-title":["The Neuroscientist"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10738584261453915","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10738584261453915","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10738584261453915","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T23:17:47Z","timestamp":1784330267000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10738584261453915"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10738584261453915"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10738584261453915","relation":{},"ISSN":["1073-8584","1089-4098"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1073-8584","type":"print"},{"value":"1089-4098","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]}}}