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Protein content of phosphorylated ERK1\/2 was increased at both 4 and 16 weeks, whereas protein content of total ERK1\/2 was increased only at 16 weeks of inducing volume overload. The ERK1\/2 activities, estimated as phospho-Elk-1 content, were also increased at 4 and 16 weeks of inducing volume overload. The increased phosphorylated ERK1\/2 and E-26-like (Elk)-1 protein content in 16 weeks failing hearts was much greater than that in 4 weeks hypertrophied hearts. These changes in phosphorylated ERK1\/2 and Elk-1 protein content in both 4 and 16 weeks volume overloaded animals were attenuated by treatment with enalapril and\/or losartan. The results indicate that activation of ERK1\/2 may be involved in the development of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure due to volume overload, and these changes are partially prevented by blockade of the renin\u2014angiotensin system (RAS).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1074248409356430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,25]],"date-time":"2010-01-25T21:43:39Z","timestamp":1264455819000},"page":"84-92","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Alterations of Cardiac ERK1\/2 Expression and Activity Due to Volume Overload Were Attenuated by the Blockade of RAS"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Weihua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, 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