{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T06:21:32Z","timestamp":1777530092100,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,16]],"date-time":"2013-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1387152000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pycnogenol, the standardized flavonoid-rich extract from the bark of French maritime pine (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pinus pinaster<\/jats:italic>\n                      Ait), has been shown to modify a number of cardiovascular risk factors. However, that Pycnogenol modulates plasma lipid levels is unclear due to the inconsistent findings.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the impact of Pycnogenol on lipid profile through a meta-analysis of available controlled clinical trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Controlled trials assessing the effects of Pycnogenol on lipid parameters (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], and triglycerides) were identified by electronic search in Medline and Scopus. Weighed mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated as effect size using random-effects meta-analysis. Sensitivity and meta-regression (for Pycnogenol dose and duration of supplementation) analyses were carried out using leave-one-out and unrestricted maximum likelihood methods, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 7 trials comprising 442 patients (226 in the Pycnogenol and 216 in the control group) were identified. Meta-analysis did not reveal any significant effect of Pycnogenol on lipid parameters: total cholesterol: WMD: \u22120.03 mmol\/L, 95% CI: \u22120.34 to 0.28,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .83; LDL-C: WMD: \u22120.07 mmol\/L, 95% CI: \u22120.29 to 0.15,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .54; HDL-C: WMD: 0.00 mmol\/L, 95% CI: \u22120.04 to 0.05,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .86; and triglycerides: WMD: 0.05 mmol\/L, 95% CI: \u22120.12 to 0.23,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .55. All these effect sizes were robust in sensitivity analyses. Apart from a dose\u2013effect association for the effect of Pycnogenol on LDL-C, there was no other association between Pycnogenol dose or its duration of supplementation with changes in any of the lipid parameters.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Current clinical evidence does not suggest any significant effect of Pycnogenol on fasting lipid profile.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1074248413511691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,17]],"date-time":"2013-12-17T21:30:48Z","timestamp":1387315848000},"page":"244-255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Pycnogenol on Plasma Lipids"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Amirhossein","family":"Sahebkar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.4.459"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2005.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0b013e32825a6773"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/0129784-200808060-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5414\/CPP40158"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10715760000300121"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-006-0982-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.20046"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"64","article-title":"Effect of bioflavonoids extracted from the bark of Pinus maritima on proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7","volume":"168","author":"Cho KY","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cho KY, Yun CH, Yoon DY, . 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