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Here, we investigated the effects of simvastatin treatment on expression levels of interleukin (IL) 1\u03b2 in both patient with hyperlipidemia and healthy human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using cholesterol crystals (CC), a cardiovascular pathogenic stimulus for activation of the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain\u2013containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Cholesterol crystal-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation was used to trigger maturation and release of IL-1\u03b2 in PBMCs. Specifically, isolated PBMCs from patients with hyperlipidemia at baseline and following 8 weeks of in vivo treatment with simvastatin (10-20 mg) daily were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 100 ng\/mL) for 3 hours to induce proIL-I\u03b2 expression followed by CC (2 mg\/mL) stimulation for further 18 hours to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome complex to induce maturation\/activation of IL-1\u03b2. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were also isolated from healthy donors and stimulated in vitro with simvastatin (50, 25, 5, and 2 \u00b5mol\/L) prior to stimulation with LPS and CC as described above. The effects of simvastatin treatment on levels of IL-1\u03b2 expression were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot. Both in vitro and in vivo treatments with simvastatin led to a significant reduction in the levels of expression of IL-1\u03b2 in response to stimulation with CC. Simvastatin inhibits the expression and activation of IL-1\u03b2 induced by CC in PBMCs, which may contribute to its protective role in patients with cardiovascular disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1074248418776261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,15]],"date-time":"2018-05-15T22:18:00Z","timestamp":1526422680000},"page":"509-517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Simvastatin Suppresses Interleukin I\u03b2 Release in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Stimulated With Cholesterol Crystals"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1582-876X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna J.","family":"Boland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, 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