{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T20:28:39Z","timestamp":1784147319708,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,10]],"date-time":"2019-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547078400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Several trials have reported that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are used to improve endothelial function in addition to treating type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The current study investigated the effects of vildagliptin, DPP-4 inhibitor, compared to metformin on endothelial function and blood pressure through vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) modulation in patients with T2DM and hypertension.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study was designed as a randomized controlled parallel study. A total of 120 volunteers were recruited and allocated into 4 groups: healthy volunteers, patients recently diagnosed with hypertension and diabetes, patients treated with captopril for hypertension in addition to metformin, and patients treated with captopril in addition to vildagliptin. The percentage change in body weight was calculated in addition to serum VEGF levels, blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin (HbA\n                      <jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), total lipid profile, and insulin resistance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At the end of the therapeutic period, the results showed that vildagliptin significantly decreased blood pressure and increased serum VEGF levels, while metformin was more effective at lowering body weight. In comparison with metformin, vildagliptin showed a promising action through its antihypertensive effect via elevating VEGF levels and improving physiological angiogenesis and vasculature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>What is new and conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vildagliptin showed a promising action through its blood pressure-regulating effect via modulating VEGF levels and improving physiological angiogenesis and vasculature, in addition to improving the lipid profile of patients, while metformin was better in reducing body weight.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1074248418817345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,11]],"date-time":"2019-01-11T02:00:40Z","timestamp":1547172040000},"page":"254-261","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The Role of Vildagliptin in Treating Hypertension Through Modulating Serum VEGF in Diabetic Hypertensive Patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Abdel Rahman","family":"El-Naggar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7201-3658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dalia","family":"Zaafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, MTI University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Elyamany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soha","family":"Hassanin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of pharmacy, MTI University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atef","family":"Bassyouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hekma","family":"Abdel-Latif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1074248418817345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4158\/EP161682.CS"},{"key":"bibr2-1074248418817345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diabetes Care 2017 Jan; 40(Supplement1): S4\u2013S5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc17-S003.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-S003"},{"key":"bibr3-1074248418817345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-1262"},{"key":"bibr4-1074248418817345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-012-6425-x"},{"key":"bibr5-1074248418817345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v5.i4.444"},{"key":"bibr6-1074248418817345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000000640"},{"key":"bibr7-1074248418817345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000476016"},{"key":"bibr8-1074248418817345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40292-017-0198-z"},{"key":"bibr9-1074248418817345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-2441"},{"key":"bibr10-1074248418817345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. 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